Uncertainty analysis of MHD oscillatory flow of ternary nanofluids through a diverging channel: a comparative study of nanofluid composites

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a temperature-sensitive ternary nanofluid in a porous medium with magnetic field and the Soret–Dufour effect through a tapered asymmetric channel. The ternary nanofluid consists of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNT), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles, with a focus on understanding the thermal behaviour and performance across mono, hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids. This paper also examines the thermal behaviour of MHD oscillatory nanofluid flow and carries out an uncertainty analysis of the model using the Taguchi method.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing equations for this system are transformed into coupled linear partial differential equations using non-similarity transformations and solved numerically with the Crank–Nicolson scheme. The impact of temperature sensitivity at three distinct temperatures (5°C, 20°C and 60°C) is incorporated to analyse variations in viscosity and Prandtl number. The study also examines the combined effects of Soret–Dufour numbers and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfer within the nanofluid.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the inclusion of BNNT, Ag and Cu nanoparticles significantly enhances heat and mass transfer rate, with copper nanoparticles showing superior performance in terms of skin friction and heat transfer rates. The Soret and Dufour effects play critical roles in modulating heat and mass diffusion within tri-hybrid nanofluids. The study reveals that temperature sensitivity alters heat and mass transfer characteristics depending on the temperature range, with pronounced variations at elevated temperatures. The influence of thermal radiation and the Peclet number is found to significantly impact temperature distribution and overall heat transfer performance within the asymmetric channel.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyse the heat and mass diffusion in a ternary nanofluid composed of BNNT, Ag and Cu nanoparticles, considering porous media, oscillatory flow and thermal radiation within a tapered asymmetric channel. The research extends to a novel examination of temperature sensitivity in mono, hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids at varying temperature gradients. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of skin friction and heat transfer rates between copper, alumina and ferro composites is presented for optimising the nanofluid performance.