Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in the Conflicted Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and Aims

Intimate partner violence (IPV), perpetrated by male partners, inflicts physical, sexual, or psychological harm on women. During pregnancy, it becomes a significant public health concern and human rights violation, especially in conflict-affected areas, affecting both mother and fetus negatively. Research in Ethiopia often overlooks nonusers of antenatal services, primarily conducted in health facilities. This study addresses this gap, aiming to provide valuable insights into community dynamics. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with IPV during pregnancy in the conflict-affected district of Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study surveyed 603 postpartum women in the Argoba district, Amhara region Northeast Ethiopia, from March 26 to April 25, 2023, utilizing a multistage sampling technique. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire, coded, and entered into Epi-data 4.6, then analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Adjusted odds ratios were computed at a 95% confidence interval [CI], with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Model fit and multicollinearity were assessed for validity.

Result

The study found an overall prevalence of 45.1% (95% CI: 41.1–49.1) for IPV during pregnancy, with psychological violence being the most prevalent (38.0%), followed by physical (24.7%) and sexual violence (18.6%). Factors significantly associated with IPV included unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.10–3.47), women's acceptance of violence (AOR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.64–3.48), having a partner who chews khat (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.31–3.03), and spouse's engagement in multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.58).

Conclusion

The study's findings indicate a higher prevalence compared to others, with key factors including unwanted pregnancy, acceptance of violence, khat chewing, and multiple sexual partners. Recommendations include comprehensive sex education, awareness campaigns, relationship counseling, community engagement, improved healthcare access, stronger legal frameworks, and empowerment programs.