Specific Degradation of the Mucin Domain of Lubricin in Synovial Fluid Impairs Cartilage Lubrication

Abstract

Progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and joint lubrication dysfunction are key markers of osteoarthritis. The composition of synovial fluid (SF) is altered in OA, with changes to both hyaluronic acid and lubricin, the primary lubricating molecules in SF. Lubricin’s distinct bottlebrush mucin domain has been speculated to contribute to its lubricating ability, but the relationship between its structure and mechanical function in SF is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the application of a novel mucinase (StcE) to selectively degrade lubricin’s mucin domain in SF to measure its impact on joint lubrication and friction. Notably, StcE effectively degraded the lubricating ability of SF in a dose-dependent manner starting at nanogram concentrations (1–3.2 ng/mL). Further, the highest StcE doses effectively degraded lubrication to levels on par with trypsin, suggesting that cleavage at the mucin domain of lubricin is sufficient to completely inhibit the lubrication mechanism of the collective protein component in SF. These findings demonstrate the value of mucin-specific experimental approaches to characterize the lubricating properties of SF and reveal key trends in joint lubrication that help us better understand cartilage function in lubrication-deficient joints.