Filipa Gouveia, Andreia Carona, Mariana Lacerda, Joana Bicker, Antoni Camins, M Teresa Cruz, Miren Ettcheto, Amílcar Falcão, Ana Fortuna
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The therapeutic interest of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) drugs for the treatment of neuroinflammation has been recently acknowledged. Nevertheless, most of them display limited passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, this study investigated the potential of intranasal (IN) delivery of six RAS drugs to circumvent the BBB and attain the brain, envisioning its future use in central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Captopril, enalaprilat, irbesartan, lisinopril, losartan and valsartan were firstly screened based on their impact on the viability of nasal, lung, and neuronal cell lines and their apparent permeability (Papp) across porcine olfactory mucosa. Irbesartan, identified as the one with the best safety and permeability balance, was selected for pharmacokinetic characterization following single and multidose IN administration to CD-1 mice. The results were compared to those obtained by intravenous (IV) injection to assess direct nose-to-brain drug delivery. Olfactory toxicity and anxiety were also evaluated after multidose IN treatment. Irbesartan IN administration significantly enhanced brain targeting, with a 3-fold increase in the maximum concentration (Cmax) and a 2.5-fold increase in the area under the curve (AUCt) in the brain compared to IV route. The drug exhibited a tmax of 15 min post-IN administration and achieved a brain targeting efficiency of 239.56%, with a significant direct transport percentage of 58.26%. Multidose administration indicated no systemic or tissue accumulation, with accumulation ratio (Rac) values below 1.0, and no significant olfactory toxicity. Overall, the study highlights the potential of IN delivery of irbesartan as a promising strategy to improve brain targeting and therapeutic outcomes in CNS diseases such as AD, providing an effective approach to bypass BBB limitations.
期刊介绍：
Biochemical Pharmacology publishes original research findings, Commentaries and review articles related to the elucidation of cellular and tissue function(s) at the biochemical and molecular levels, the modification of cellular phenotype(s) by genetic, transcriptional/translational or drug/compound-induced modifications, as well as the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics and drugs, the latter including both small molecules and biologics.
The journal''s target audience includes scientists engaged in the identification and study of the mechanisms of action of xenobiotics, biologics and drugs and in the drug discovery and development process.
All areas of cellular biology and cellular, tissue/organ and whole animal pharmacology fall within the scope of the journal. Drug classes covered include anti-infectives, anti-inflammatory agents, chemotherapeutics, cardiovascular, endocrinological, immunological, metabolic, neurological and psychiatric drugs, as well as research on drug metabolism and kinetics. While medicinal chemistry is a topic of complimentary interest, manuscripts in this area must contain sufficient biological data to characterize pharmacologically the compounds reported. Submissions describing work focused predominately on chemical synthesis and molecular modeling will not be considered for review.
While particular emphasis is placed on reporting the results of molecular and biochemical studies, research involving the use of tissue and animal models of human pathophysiology and toxicology is of interest to the extent that it helps define drug mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy.
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