The Breathing Struggle: A Case Study of Congenital Lung Malformation in a Young Child.

Abstract

Background: Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) are among the rare anomalies that can be diagnosed by bronchoscopy and imaging. They can cause various respiratory symptoms and complications, especially in children with congenital heart disease. This is an interesting case report of a child with a rare combination of congenital anomalies affecting the airway.

Case presentation: We report a case of a 3.5-year-old boy with multiple congenital anomalies and respiratory problems since birth. He had a history of mild autism, developmental delay, and sensitivity to smell and smoke. He presented with hoarseness, shortness of breath, severe coughing, and severe wheezing, which worsened with the flu. He underwent bronchoscopy and other diagnostic tests, which revealed a posterior laryngeal cleft, a tracheal bronchus, and a very narrow distal trachea. He was treated with nebulizers, antibiotics, and serum therapy and showed improvement. This case illustrates a rare combination of airway malformations that require a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusions: We presented a case of rare pulmonary malformations and chronic respiratory symptoms that improved with conventional pharmacotherapy. Increased awareness and understanding of these anomalies among healthcare providers can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.