The Treatment Algorithm for Chronic Multiple Ligament Knee Injury.

Abstract

Background: Multiple ligament knee injuries (MLKI) are a complex group of injuries ideally treated in the acute phase, though delayed presentation is common. Chronic MLKI varies in presentation, requiring individualized management strategies. This review aims to differentiate chronic MLKI types and propose an algorithm that facilitates a tailored treatment plan.

Methods: Chronic MLKI is classified into three types based on knee joint status and limb alignment. Type 1 involves ligament deficiency in a reduced knee with normal alignment, treated with soft-tissue ligament reconstruction. Type 2 includes ligament deficiency with malalignment, where deformity correction precedes ligament surgery. Type 3 entails chronic unreduced knee dislocations, necessitating open reduction and extensive release prior to reconstruction.

Results: Treatment depends on classification, emphasizing realignment for Type 2 and reduction for Type 3 before soft-tissue procedures. Individualized approaches are critical due to the complexity and variability of chronic MLKI.

Conclusion: A treatment algorithm is essential to manage chronic MLKI. Joint reduction, limb realignment, and ligament reconstruction are important to ensure optimal functional outcomes.