Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Resistance in ICU of a Newly Built Hospital.

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the distribution and resistance patterns of pathogens in the intensive care unit of a newly established hospital in Guizhou Province to promote the rational use of antibiotics to reduce multidrug resistance.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the distribution of pathogens and changes in drug resistance in the ICU of a newly built hospital in Guizhou Province from March 2019 to December 2023. WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze the results.

Results: A total of 2444 culture samples were received, predominantly sputum (34.66%) and blood (23.36%) samples, with a steady annual increase in specimen types. A total of 572 pathogenic strains were isolated, predominantly from respiratory specimens (54.02%), including 345 Gram-negative bacteria (60.31%), 135 Gram-positive cocci (23.60%), and 92 fungi (16.08%). The most frequent pathogens included Acinetobacter baumannii (30.77%), Candida albicans (11.71%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.97%). Drug sensitivity tests indicated a fluctuating resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii over the past five years. Staphylococcus aureus displayed strong in vitro activity against vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid, with no resistant strains identified. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were 86.78%, 26.79%, 32.45%, 70.27%, and 23.54%, respectively.

Conclusion: Compared with other countries in the world, China has increased its data on the prevalence of MDR pathogens and antibiotic resistance.The high resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii in the ICU underscores the need for effective infection control measures. Enhanced monitoring of CR-AB, ESBL-producing bacteria, and MRSA is essential, along with improved management of antibacterial drugs and the pursuit of new therapeutic options.