Recent Progress of Exosomes in Hematological Malignancies: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies.

IF 6.6 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY International Journal of Nanomedicine Pub Date : 2024-11-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJN.S479697
Hu Zhang, Jingyi Xia, Xueqing Wang, Yifan Wang, Jie Chen, Lin He, Jingying Dai
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Abstract

Hematological malignancies originate from the hematopoietic system, including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukaemia, etc. They are highly malignant with a high incidence, a poor prognosis and a high mortality. Although the novel therapeutic strategies have partly improved the clinical efficacy of hematological malignancies, patients still face up with drug resistance, refractory disease and disease relapse. Many studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in hematological malignancies. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells with a size ranging from 40 to 160 nm. They contain various intracellular components such as membrane proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These nanoscale vesicles transmit information between cells with the cargos. Thus, they participate in a variety of pathological processes such as angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, immunomodulation and drug resistance, which results in important role in the pathogenesis and progression of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, exosomes and the components carried in them can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapeutic sensitivity and prognosis in hematological malignancies. In the therapy of hematologic malignancies, certain exosome are potential to be used as therapeutic targets, meanwhile, exosomes are suitable drug carriers with lipid bilayer membrane and the nanostructure. Moreover, the tumor-derived exosomes of patients with hematologic malignancies can be developed into anti-tumor vaccines. The research and application of exosomes in hematological malignancies are summarized and discussed in this review.

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血液恶性肿瘤中外泌体的最新进展:发病机制、诊断和治疗策略。
血液恶性肿瘤起源于造血系统,包括淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、白血病等。它们恶性程度高、发病率高、预后差、死亡率高。尽管新型治疗策略在一定程度上提高了血液恶性肿瘤的临床疗效,但患者仍面临耐药、难治性疾病和疾病复发等问题。许多研究表明,外泌体在血液恶性肿瘤中发挥着重要作用。外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡,大小从 40 纳米到 160 纳米不等。它们含有各种细胞内成分,如膜蛋白、脂质和核酸。这些纳米级囊泡在细胞与载体之间传递信息。因此,它们参与了多种病理过程,如血管生成、增殖、转移、免疫调节和耐药性,从而在血液恶性肿瘤的发病和进展过程中发挥了重要作用。此外,外泌体及其携带的成分可作为潜在的生物标记物,用于血液恶性肿瘤的诊断、治疗敏感性和预后。在血液恶性肿瘤的治疗中,某些外泌体有可能被用作治疗靶点,同时,外泌体具有脂质双层膜和纳米结构,是合适的药物载体。此外,血液恶性肿瘤患者的肿瘤外泌体还可开发成抗肿瘤疫苗。本综述总结并讨论了外泌体在血液恶性肿瘤中的研究和应用。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Nanomedicine
International Journal of Nanomedicine NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
511
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area. With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field. Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.
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