Dental Functional Status as a Possible Risk Factor of Sarcopenia: A Computed Tomography-Based Study.

Abstract

Background: Functional dentition may be associated with sarcopenia by affecting chewing activity.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the sarcopenia status of participants using computed tomography (CT)-based data and to investigate the association of sarcopenia with functional dentition, as well as denture condition.

Methods: The study included 309 patients. The number of teeth was recorded. Functional dentition was evaluated based on the following parameters: (1) ≥ 1 tooth in the maxilla and mandible; (2) ≥ 10 teeth in each arch; (3) the presence of 12 anterior teeth; (4) 3-4 premolar posterior occlusal pairs (POPs) and (5) ≥ 1 molar POP bilaterally. The denture condition was also evaluated. CT-based assessment of sarcopenia was performed via measurement of the psoas muscle area at the level of the L3 vertebra and its hounsfield unit (HU) radiodensity on non-contrast-enhanced images. HU average calculation (HUAC), which is an imaging marker of sarcopenia, was performed. Gender-specific quartiles were then generated, and the lowest quartile of HUAC scores within each gender group was set as the cut-off point.

Results: A total of 76 (24.5%) of the patients had sarcopenia, and 233 (75.5%) did not have sarcopenia. The mean number of teeth in the sarcopenia group was 17.12 ± 8.39, compared to 22.24 ± 6.72 in those without sarcopenia (p < 0.001). The relationship between functional dentition and sarcopenia was also significant. There was a positive relationship between ill-fitting dentures and sarcopenia (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: This unique perspective of the study contributes to the existing knowledge regarding the role of tooth loss in sarcopenia, highlighting the importance of functional occlusion.