Modeling longitudinal change patterns of self-regulation from early to middle childhood: Methodological innovations and individual differences.

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Developmental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI:10.1037/dev0001881

Margaret O'Brien Caughy, Todd D Little, Youngmin Kim, Dian Yu, Kimberly R M Osborne

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Abstract

Patterns of change in self-regulation from the ages of 2.5 to 12 years were modeled using repeated measures of self-regulation for a sample of 399 African American (n = 180, 45%) and Latinx (n = 219, 55%) children from families experiencing low income. Measures included both direct assessment and parent report. Results confirmed four components of self-regulation: working memory, inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, and set shifting. Furthermore, these components of self-regulation were more differentiated at younger ages but grew increasingly integrated as children developed. During early childhood, Latinx children displayed greater levels of working memory and higher levels of inhibitory control, and African American children displayed greater complex response inhibition and set shifting, but these ethnic differences reversed by early elementary school. By late middle childhood, ethnic differences in self-regulation had virtually disappeared altogether. Few differences by child gender or family poverty status were identified. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the modeling of self-regulation over extended periods of development including (a) utilizing measures that overlap time points, (b) standardizing the measurement scales, and (c) utilizing a flexible latent variable model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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儿童早期到中期自我调节纵向变化模式建模：方法创新与个体差异。

通过对来自低收入家庭的 399 名非洲裔美国儿童（人数为 180 人，占 45%）和拉丁裔美国儿童（人数为 219 人，占 55%）进行自我调节重复测量，模拟了他们从 2.5 岁到 12 岁期间自我调节的变化模式。测量包括直接评估和家长报告。结果证实了自我调节的四个组成部分：工作记忆、抑制控制、复杂反应抑制和设定转移。此外，这些自我调节的组成部分在儿童较小的时候较为分化，但随着儿童的成长，这些组成部分逐渐融合在一起。在幼儿期，拉丁裔儿童的工作记忆水平更高，抑制控制水平更高，而非裔美国儿童的复杂反应抑制和集合转移水平更高，但到小学低年级时，这些种族差异发生了逆转。到中后期，自我调节方面的种族差异几乎完全消失。几乎没有发现儿童性别或家庭贫困状况的差异。本文提出了一些建议，以促进对儿童成长过程中的自我调节能力进行建模，这些建议包括：（a）采用时间点重叠的测量方法；（b）将测量量表标准化；以及（c）采用灵活的潜在变量模型。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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来源期刊

Developmental Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.50%

发文量

329

期刊介绍： Developmental Psychology ® publishes articles that significantly advance knowledge and theory about development across the life span. The journal focuses on seminal empirical contributions. The journal occasionally publishes exceptionally strong scholarly reviews and theoretical or methodological articles. Studies of any aspect of psychological development are appropriate, as are studies of the biological, social, and cultural factors that affect development. The journal welcomes not only laboratory-based experimental studies but studies employing other rigorous methodologies, such as ethnographies, field research, and secondary analyses of large data sets. We especially seek submissions in new areas of inquiry and submissions that will address contradictory findings or controversies in the field as well as the generalizability of extant findings in new populations. Although most articles in this journal address human development, studies of other species are appropriate if they have important implications for human development. Submissions can consist of single manuscripts, proposed sections, or short reports.