Medium-entropy Zr–Nb–Ti alloys with low magnetic susceptibility, high yield strength, and low elastic modulus through spinodal decomposition for bone-implant applications

IF 9.4 1区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Acta Biomaterialia Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.001
Zhaolin Hua , Dechuang Zhang , Lin Guo , Sihan Lin , Yuncang Li , Cuie Wen
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Abstract

Medium-entropy Zr–Nb–Ti (ZNT) alloys are being extensively investigated as load-bearing implant materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, and low magnetic susceptibility. Nevertheless, enhancing their yield strength while simultaneously decreasing their elastic modulus presents a formidable obstacle, significantly constraining their broader utilization as metallic biomaterials. In this study, three medium-entropy ZNT alloys, i.e., Zr45Nb45Ti10, Zr42.5Nb42.5Ti15, and Zr40Nb40Ti20 (denoted ZNT10, ZNT15, and ZNT20, respectively), were designed based on the miscibility gap in the ZNT phase diagram and prepared by annealing of cold-rolled ingots. Their microstructures, mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, magnetic susceptibility, and biocompatibility were systematically studied. Spinodal decomposition occurred in the cold-rolled ZNT10 and ZNTi15 after annealing at 650 °C for 2 h and resulted in nanoscale Zr-rich β1 and (Nb, Ti)-rich β2 phases, which significantly improved their yield strength and reduced their elastic modulus. The wear resistance of the alloys decreased with an increase in Ti content. Dense ZrO2, Nb2O5, and TiO2 oxide layers were formed during the polarization process in Hanks’ solution, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloys. These ZNT alloys exhibited significantly lower magnetic susceptibility than medical Ti alloys. The ZNT alloys showed a cell viability of more than 94 % toward MG-63 cells after culturing for 3 d Overall, the spinodal ZNT15 showed the best combination of mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low magnetic susceptibility, and sufficient biocompatibility among the three alloys.

Statement of significance

This work reports on medium-entropy Zr–Nb–Ti (ZNT) alloys with heterostructure. Spinodal decomposition significantly improved their mechanical strength and reduced the elastic modulus of the alloys. The wear resistance of the ZNT alloys decreased with an increase in Ti content. Dense ZrO2, Nb2O5, and TiO2 oxide layers were formed during the polarization process in Hanks’ solution, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloys. The ZNT alloys exhibited significantly lower magnetic susceptibility than medical Ti alloys. The ZNT alloys showed a cell viability of >94 % toward MG-63 cells after culturing for 3 d The results demonstrate that spinodal ZNT alloys have enormous potential as bone-implant materials due to their outstanding overall mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low magnetic susceptibility, and sufficient biocompatibility.

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通过旋光分解获得低磁感应强度、高屈服强度和低弹性模量的中熵 Zr-Nb-Ti 合金,用于骨植入应用。
中熵锆铌钛合金(ZNT)具有优异的生物相容性、耐腐蚀性和低磁感应性,因此正被广泛研究用作承重植入材料。然而,在提高其屈服强度的同时降低其弹性模量是一个巨大的障碍,极大地限制了其作为金属生物材料的广泛应用。本研究根据 ZNT 相图中的混溶隙设计了三种中熵 ZNT 合金,即 Zr45Nb45Ti10、Zr42.5Nb42.5Ti15 和 Zr40Nb40Ti20(分别称为 ZNT10、ZNT15 和 ZNT20),并通过冷轧锭退火制备了这三种合金。对它们的微观结构、机械性能、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、磁感应强度和生物相容性进行了系统研究。冷轧 ZNT10 和 ZNTi15 在 650°C 退火 2 小时后发生了旋光分解,生成了纳米级富 Zr β1 和富(Nb、Ti)β2 相,从而显著提高了屈服强度并降低了弹性模量。合金的耐磨性随着 Ti 含量的增加而降低。在汉克斯溶液中的极化过程中形成了致密的 ZrO2、Nb2O5 和 TiO2 氧化层,从而增强了合金的耐腐蚀性。这些 ZNT 合金的磁感应强度明显低于医用 Ti 合金。总体而言,在三种合金中,ZNT15 的机械性能、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、低磁感应强度和足够的生物相容性结合得最好。意义说明:这项研究报告了具有异质结构的中等熵 Zr-Nb-Ti (ZNT) 合金。旋光分解显著提高了合金的机械强度,降低了合金的弹性模量。ZNT 合金的耐磨性随着 Ti 含量的增加而降低。在 Hanks 溶液中极化过程中形成了致密的 ZrO2、Nb2O5 和 TiO2 氧化层,从而提高了合金的耐腐蚀性。ZNT 合金的磁感应强度明显低于医用 Ti 合金。研究结果表明,尖晶石 ZNT 合金具有出色的整体机械性能、高耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、低磁感应强度和足够的生物相容性,因此具有作为骨植入材料的巨大潜力。
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来源期刊
Acta Biomaterialia
Acta Biomaterialia 工程技术-材料科学:生物材料
CiteScore
16.80
自引率
3.10%
发文量
776
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Acta Biomaterialia is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The journal was established in January 2005. The editor-in-chief is W.R. Wagner (University of Pittsburgh). The journal covers research in biomaterials science, including the interrelationship of biomaterial structure and function from macroscale to nanoscale. Topical coverage includes biomedical and biocompatible materials.
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