Rapid declines in species diversity and occurrence of common plant species are related to nutrient availability and soil moisture in open habitats

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Journal of Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI:10.1111/jvs.13316

Maxime Buron, Emmanuelle Porcher, Eric Fédoroff, Luc Berrod, Jeanne Vallet, Olivier Bardet, Gabrielle Martin, Nathalie Machon

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Abstract

Aims

Environmental changes in Europe influence plant community composition, but the literature quantifying these changes often shows inconsistent trends, due mostly to heterogeneous survey methods. Here, we investigated temporal changes in plants over 12 years at the species and community level at a regional scale, using a standardized, plot-based monitoring scheme.

Location

Data originated from 1,389 permanent plots of a standardized monitoring scheme targeting plant communities. Plots were distributed in the Burgundy region (France), initially grouped into 175 (2 km × 2 km) grid cells containing eight 10-m² plots each, that were surveyed in at least 2 years between 2009 and 2020.

Methods

We characterized changes in vascular plants in 10-m² plots by examining the temporal changes in the probability of occurrence of common species, changes in species diversity using species richness, Shannon–Wiener and Pielou's indices and changes in abundance-weighted mean community ecological preferences using Ellenberg indicator values.

Results

Across 198 common species, probability of occurrence in the region has shown a decline since 2009. This decline is associated with a general decrease by 13% of both species richness and the Shannon index between 2009 and 2020. This trend was stronger in annual crops and grasslands, whereas forest diversity remained relatively constant over time. Pielou's index diminished on average, except in natural forests. Mean community Ellenberg indicator values suggested slight changes in plant community composition, with an increasing preference for nutrient-poor soils and Atlantic conditions over time.

Conclusions

The observed biodiversity loss in the Burgundy region is consistent with a widespread shift in community composition in response to environmental change. Existing conservation measures do not seem to compensate for the average losses, indicating that these measures are still inadequate to protect plant communities. Our approach also emphasizes the speed at which plant communities are changing and thus the need for better monitoring of the European flora.

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物种多样性和常见植物物种出现率的迅速下降与开阔生境中的养分供应和土壤湿度有关

目的欧洲的环境变化会影响植物群落的组成，但量化这些变化的文献往往显示出不一致的趋势，这主要是由于调查方法不尽相同。在此，我们采用标准化的小区监测计划，在区域范围内调查了 12 年间植物在物种和群落层面的时间变化。地点数据来源于针对植物群落的标准化监测计划中的 1389 块永久性地块。地块分布在法国勃艮第地区，最初被划分为 175 个（2 km × 2 km）网格单元，每个单元包含 8 个 10 平方米的地块，在 2009 年至 2020 年期间至少有两年接受了调查。方法我们通过研究常见物种出现概率的时间变化、使用物种丰富度、香农-维纳指数和皮鲁指数的物种多样性变化，以及使用艾伦伯格指标值的丰度加权平均群落生态偏好的变化，来描述 10 平方米小区内维管植物的变化特征。结果在 198 种常见物种中，该地区的出现概率自 2009 年以来有所下降。这种下降与 2009 年至 2020 年间物种丰富度和香农指数普遍下降 13% 有关。这一趋势在一年生作物和草地上更为明显，而森林多样性则在一段时间内保持相对稳定。皮卢指数平均下降，天然林除外。群落艾伦伯格指标的平均值表明，植物群落组成发生了轻微变化，随着时间的推移，植物群落越来越偏爱营养贫瘠的土壤和大西洋环境。结论在勃艮第地区观察到的生物多样性损失与群落组成因环境变化而发生的广泛变化是一致的。现有的保护措施似乎无法弥补平均损失，这表明这些措施仍不足以保护植物群落。我们的方法还强调了植物群落变化的速度，因此需要更好地监测欧洲植物区系。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Vegetation Science publishes papers on all aspects of plant community ecology, with particular emphasis on papers that develop new concepts or methods, test theory, identify general patterns, or that are otherwise likely to interest a broad international readership. Papers may focus on any aspect of vegetation science, e.g. community structure (including community assembly and plant functional types), biodiversity (including species richness and composition), spatial patterns (including plant geography and landscape ecology), temporal changes (including demography, community dynamics and palaeoecology) and processes (including ecophysiology), provided the focus is on increasing our understanding of plant communities. The Journal publishes papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities. Papers that apply ecological concepts, theories and methods to the vegetation management, conservation and restoration, and papers on vegetation survey should be directed to our associate journal, Applied Vegetation Science journal.