Microfluidization outperforms homogenization: Optimizing stability and bioaccessibility in krill oil emulsions

Abstract

This research presents a rigorous comparative analysis of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and microfluidization (MF) for the production of krill oil (KO) emulsions, scrutinizing their impact on oxidative stability, bioaccessibility, and the behavior under in vitro simulated digestion. Our findings revealed that MF emulsions possessed a distinct advantage, with a droplet size and distribution that promoted exceptional oxidative stability, evidenced by a sustained reduction in oxidative markers and enhanced retention of bioactive components, including EPA and DHA, and the potent antioxidant astaxanthin. In contrast, HPH yielded larger and less uniform particles, correlating with diminished stability. The in vitro digestion studies underscored the superior bioaccessibility of MF emulsions, with a pronounced release of free fatty acids during the intestinal phase, indicative of an optimized digestion and absorption process due to the smaller droplet size of the emulsions. The study's insights advocate for the adoption of microfluidization in the food industry for the development of advanced delivery systems for n-3 fatty acids, particularly in the context of KO-based products. The technique shows promise in enhancing the quality, stability, and bioavailability of these products, which are rich in health-promoting lipids. The microfluidization technique emerges as a promising avenue for the fortification of a diverse range of commercial food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products with lipids that contribute to health and wellness.