Visualizing ER-phagy and ER architecture in vivo.

Abstract

ER-phagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, significant gaps persist in our understanding of how ER-phagy and the ER network vary across cell subtypes, tissues, and organs. Furthermore, the pathophysiological relevance of ER-phagy remains poorly elucidated. Addressing these questions requires developing quantifiable methods to visualize ER-phagy and ER architecture in vivo. We generated two transgenic mouse lines expressing an ER lumen-targeting tandem RFP-GFP (ER-TRG) tag, either constitutively or conditionally. This approach enables precise spatiotemporal measurements of ER-phagy and ER structure at single-cell resolution in vivo. Systemic analysis across diverse organs, tissues, and primary cultures derived from these ER-phagy reporter mice unveiled significant variations in basal ER-phagy, both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, our investigation uncovered substantial remodeling of ER-phagy and the ER network in different tissues under stressed conditions such as starvation, oncogenic transformation, and tissue injury. In summary, both reporter models represent valuable resources with broad applications in fundamental research and translational studies.