{"title":"Genetic Diversity Landscape in African Population: A Review of Implications for Personalized and Precision Medicine.","authors":"Olivier Sibomana","doi":"10.2147/PGPM.S485452","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Africa, a continent considered to be the cradle of human beings has the largest genetic diversity among its population than other continents. This review discusses the implications of this high African genetic diversity to the development of personalized and precision medicine.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, DOAJ, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases and manual Google searches was conducted using key terms \"genetics\", \"genetic diversity\", \"Africa\", \"precision medicine\", and \"personalized medicine\". Updated original and review studies focusing on the implications of African high genetic diversity on personalized and precision medicine were included. Included studies were thematically synthesized to elucidate their positive or negative implications for personalized healthcare, aiming to foster informed clinical practice and scientific inquiry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>African populations' high genetic diversity presents opportunities for personalized and precision medicine including improving pharmacogenomics, understanding gene interactions, discovering new variants, mapping disease genes, creating updated genomic reference panels, and validating biomarkers. However, challenges include underrepresentation in studies, scarcity of reference genomes, inaccuracy of genetic testing and interpretation, and ancestry misclassification. Addressing these requires the establishment of genomic research centers, increasing funding, creating biobanks and repositories, education, infrastructure, and international cooperation to enhance healthcare equity and outcomes through personalized and precision medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High African genetic diversity presents both positive and negative implications for personalized and precision medicine. Deep further research is recommended to harness the challenges and use the opportunities to develop customized treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56015,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics & Personalized Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566596/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacogenomics & Personalized Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S485452","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Africa, a continent considered to be the cradle of human beings has the largest genetic diversity among its population than other continents. This review discusses the implications of this high African genetic diversity to the development of personalized and precision medicine.
Methodology: A comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, DOAJ, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases and manual Google searches was conducted using key terms "genetics", "genetic diversity", "Africa", "precision medicine", and "personalized medicine". Updated original and review studies focusing on the implications of African high genetic diversity on personalized and precision medicine were included. Included studies were thematically synthesized to elucidate their positive or negative implications for personalized healthcare, aiming to foster informed clinical practice and scientific inquiry.
Results: African populations' high genetic diversity presents opportunities for personalized and precision medicine including improving pharmacogenomics, understanding gene interactions, discovering new variants, mapping disease genes, creating updated genomic reference panels, and validating biomarkers. However, challenges include underrepresentation in studies, scarcity of reference genomes, inaccuracy of genetic testing and interpretation, and ancestry misclassification. Addressing these requires the establishment of genomic research centers, increasing funding, creating biobanks and repositories, education, infrastructure, and international cooperation to enhance healthcare equity and outcomes through personalized and precision medicine.
Conclusion: High African genetic diversity presents both positive and negative implications for personalized and precision medicine. Deep further research is recommended to harness the challenges and use the opportunities to develop customized treatments.
期刊介绍：
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal characterizing the influence of genotype on pharmacology leading to the development of personalized treatment programs and individualized drug selection for improved safety, efficacy and sustainability.
In particular, emphasis will be given to:
Genomic and proteomic profiling
Genetics and drug metabolism
Targeted drug identification and discovery
Optimizing drug selection & dosage based on patient''s genetic profile
Drug related morbidity & mortality intervention
Advanced disease screening and targeted therapeutic intervention
Genetic based vaccine development
Patient satisfaction and preference
Health economic evaluations
Practical and organizational issues in the development and implementation of personalized medicine programs.
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