Acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: A case report

Abstract

With the extensive development of assisted reproductive technology, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) have enabled successful pregnancies for some infertility patients. However, pregnancy leads to endocrine and immune function changes that result in decreased immunity, providing an opportunity for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or reactivation. Hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis is a dangerous complication of pregnancy after IVF-ET, which can lead to adverse outcomes. In this case report, we present a patient with normal immune function who developed hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis after IVF-ET. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, test results and imaging findings of the patient while reviewing relevant literature. We recommend conducting genital tuberculosis screening and screening for latent tuberculosis infection before IVF-ET. Healthcare providers should maintain high vigilance for active tuberculosis during pregnancy when unexplained high fever, cough with sputum production, early vaginal bleeding occurs despite repeated broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.