TiO2/ZnWO3 with improved photocatalytic performance in the preparation of chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes, as cardiovascular drugs

Abstract

Chromeno[4,3-b]chromenes have shown potential as effective drugs against cardiovascular diseases, primarily due to their diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted on a new heterojunction nanocomposite TiO₂/ZnWO₃ consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc tungstate (ZnWO₃) with enhanced photocatalytic capability. TiO₂/ZnWO₃ nanophotocatalyst is characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DRS, SEM, and EDX and performed as an efficient nanophotocatalyst in the synthesis of chromeno[4,3-b]chromene derivatives. The research focused on the intricate interplay of the components, aiming to optimize the catalytic reactions under green-light irradiation. Through this investigation, insights were gained into the mechanistic pathways and the potential for improved yields in the formation of the desired chromene. TiO₂ has the ability to absorb light and produce electrons and holes when exposed to the direct light; but to increase its photocatalytic activity, an additional component ZnWO₃ is combined. Effect of photocatalyst amount, reaction time, temperature, and solvent as well as reusability of the nanocomposite are investigated. The research focused on the intricate interplay of the components, aiming to optimize the catalytic reactions under green-light irradiation. Through this investigation, insights were gained into the mechanistic pathways and the potential for improved yields in the formation of the desired chromene. TiO₂ has the ability to absorb light and produce electrons and holes when exposed to the direct light; but to increase its photocatalytic activity, an additional component ZnWO₃ is combined. Effect of photocatalyst amount, reaction time, temperature, and solvent as well as reusability of the nanocomposite are investigated.