Multi response optimization of synthesis of boron compounds by Dopting to graphene oxide in the Modified Hummers method

Abstract

The synthesis of graphene oxide can be improved by replacing boron compounds for NaNO₃ and H₃PO₄ in the Hummers technique, using the TOPSIS-Based Taguchi method, which was employed to analyze multiple responses. L₉(3⁴) experimental design with four parameters and three levels was used to describe how boron compounds are used in the Hummers technique of synthesizing graphene oxide. The parameters chosen for each 2 g graphite amount, include the specific boron compound, the quantity of boron compound, the quantity of sulfuric acid, and the quantity of potassium permanganate. Seven quality criteria have been established to conduct parameter effect analysis. Raman analysis was conducted to determine the ratio of D peak intensity to G peak intensity (ID/IG) and 2D peak intensity to G peak intensity (I2D/IG), SEM + EDS was used to measure the atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen (C/O), BET analysis was employed to measure the surface area (SA), XRD analysis was performed to measure crystallite (Cs), ZETA-SİZER analyses were performed to measure Zeta Potenital (ZP) and Particle Size (PS) analyses and FTIR analysis was used for structure characterization. A reference experiment was conducted using H₃PO₄ in the Hummers method, and the recovery rates were documented. L₉(3⁴) The results of the best quality criteria in the design of the experiment, and improvement rates were calculated based on the reference experiment. The improvement rates calculated according to the quality criteria are for ID/IG, I2D/IG, C/O, SA,Cs,ZP and PS respectively 5 %, 190 %, 178 %, 74 %, 77 %, 66 %, and 30 % has been achieved.