Self-healing effect on the impact-resistance of hybrid stitch toughening CFRP composites: Experimental and numerical study

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Thin-Walled Structures Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1016/j.tws.2024.112635

Zhenzhen Zhang , Yutong Liu , Ying Tie , Yuliang Hou , Cheng Li

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Abstract

The self-healing effect on the impact-resistance has been investigated for hybrid stitch toughening CFRP composites using multiscale modeling. The stitches made of the healing agent, poly ethylene-co-methacrylic acid (EMAA), facilitate the repair of delamination damages via a self-healing process. The other stitches, fabricated from carbon fiber, contribute to the enhancement of interlaminar toughness. Considering the local structural features adjacent to the stitches, an equivalent fiber-embedded laminate (EFEL) cell is established to characterize the mesoscale behavior. A modified constitutive model is developed to accurately describe the deformation modes of the EFEL cell. Subsequently, a macroscale model is constructed by directly extending the EFEL cells. The self-healing of the impact-resistance is numerically explored through multiple low-velocity impact (LVI) tests. The proposed modeling approach enables a prediction error less than 8.4% and the computation time of approximately 17.3 h (1036 min), demonstrating the high accuracy and efficiency. After the self-healing process, the peak impact forces of the LVI specimens increase, while decreases in absorbed energy are observed. Moreover, the healed specimens exhibit fewer damaged elements and a smoother damaged surface compared with the unhealed ones. It demonstrates that the EMAA healing agent possesses the capability to improve the impact-resistance of hybrid stitch toughening CFRP composites.

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自愈合对混合缝合增韧 CFRP 复合材料抗冲击性能的影响：实验和数值研究

通过多尺度建模，研究了混合缝合增韧 CFRP 复合材料对抗冲击性的自修复效应。由愈合剂聚乙二醇-甲基丙烯酸（EMAA）制成的缝合线可通过自愈合过程促进分层损伤的修复。其他缝合线由碳纤维制成，有助于增强层间韧性。考虑到缝合线附近的局部结构特征，建立了一个等效纤维嵌入层压板（EFEL）单元来描述中尺度行为。为准确描述 EFEL 单元的变形模式，开发了一个改进的构成模型。随后，通过直接扩展 EFEL 单元构建了宏观模型。通过多次低速冲击（LVI）试验，对抗冲击性能的自愈进行了数值探索。所提出的建模方法使预测误差小于 8.4%，计算时间约为 17.3 小时（1036 分钟），体现了高精度和高效率。自愈合过程结束后，LVI 试样的峰值冲击力增加，而吸收的能量减少。此外，与未愈合试样相比，愈合试样的受损元素更少，受损表面更光滑。这表明 EMAA 愈合剂具有提高混合缝合增韧 CFRP 复合材料抗冲击性能的能力。

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来源期刊

Thin-Walled Structures 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

20.30%

发文量

801

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Thin-walled structures comprises an important and growing proportion of engineering construction with areas of application becoming increasingly diverse, ranging from aircraft, bridges, ships and oil rigs to storage vessels, industrial buildings and warehouses. Many factors, including cost and weight economy, new materials and processes and the growth of powerful methods of analysis have contributed to this growth, and led to the need for a journal which concentrates specifically on structures in which problems arise due to the thinness of the walls. This field includes cold– formed sections, plate and shell structures, reinforced plastics structures and aluminium structures, and is of importance in many branches of engineering. The primary criterion for consideration of papers in Thin–Walled Structures is that they must be concerned with thin–walled structures or the basic problems inherent in thin–walled structures. Provided this criterion is satisfied no restriction is placed on the type of construction, material or field of application. Papers on theory, experiment, design, etc., are published and it is expected that many papers will contain aspects of all three.