Evaluation of Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts: Efficiency in Organic Dye Degradation and Environmental Impact Studies

Abstract

One of the most promising nanoscale materials for photodegradation is ruthenium oxide nanoparticles, which are abbreviated as RuO₂ nanoparticles. Ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO₂ NPs) are promising nanomaterials for photodegradation. Several research methods have examined their size, phase study, and shape. We also examined RuO₂ nanoparticle photocatalysis in rhodamine-B (RhB) and acridine orange (AO) dyes degradation. We discovered that these nanoparticles were highly photocatalytic when exposed to UV light. This non-toxic method uses no solvents. Analyzing synthesized RuO₂ nanoparticles required FESEM, XRD, XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The newly synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for catalytic activity by degrading RhB and AO dyes. After the first-order reaction, kinetics determined the photocatalytic efficiency against RhB and AO dyes, which degraded at 84% and 82%, respectively. A tamarind plant study found no phytotoxicity in treated effluents. RuO₂ catalysts degrade organic dyes in industrial wastewater efficiently and inexpensively. The study shows RuO₂ nanoparticles as very effective photocatalysts for degrading organic dyes, exhibiting better performance than conventional materials. In addition, it assesses the phytotoxicity of RuO₂ nanoparticles, offering valuable information about their environmental consequences and safety for prospective widespread application.