Target door-to-needle time in acute stroke treatment via telemedicine versus in-person evaluation in a rural setting of the Midwest: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives

Telemedicine enables stroke specialists to treat patients with suspected acute stroke in facilities lacking in-person coverage. Studies have compared telemedicine in rural settings to in-person evaluation in urban areas, introducing biases of different infrastructure capabilities and ancillary staff. In this study, the authors provide a comparison of door-to-needle time (DTN) in the administration of thrombolytics in a rural stroke network, where the acute stroke care is provided by the same stroke specialists both in-person and via telemedicine.

Methods

This is a retrospective study analyzing DTN in patients treated with thrombolytics at a rural stroke network over five-year period. For each patient, demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, modality of evaluation, facilitator of telemedicine, and DTN were reviewed. Thrombolytic complications, mortality, and mRS at one month were noted.

Results

Out of 239 patients treated with thrombolytics, 142 were evaluated by telemedicine, and 97 in-person. In the telemedicine group, 108 evaluations were facilitated by nursing staff, while 34 by midlevel neurology providers (MNP). In-person group was associated with a faster median DTN (IQR), in minutes, (42 (35-54) vs. 55 (43-73), p<0.01) and higher rate of DTN ≤60 minutes (76% vs. 60%, p=0.01). In a logistic regression model, after correcting for NIHSS, GCS, SBP, time of evaluation, and presence of family at bedside, in-person evaluation remained associated with better DTN time (OR:2.02, CI:1.06-3.81, p=0.03). There was no difference between the two groups in safety and short-term outcome. The presence of MNP as telemedicine facilitator improved both DNT (47 (35-53) vs. 42 (35-54)) and DTN≤60 minutes (85% vs. 76%) compared to in-person evaluation, p>0.05 for both.

Conclusions

In our population, in-person evaluation provided faster DTN time compared to telemedicine. This trend reversed when a midlevel provider facilitated telemedicine. The faster DTN did not translate into increased safety or better short-term outcome.