Natural Bioactive Compounds: Emerging Therapies for Hyperuricemia.

The American journal of Chinese medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI:10.1142/S0192415X24500733
Yafei Liu, Kaifeng Zheng, Huanhuan Wang, Hong Liu, Kunyang Zheng, Junjun Zhang, Liang Han, Shenghao Tu, Yaoxian Wang
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Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a crucial feature of metabolic syndrome, characterized by elevated uric acid that causes urate crystal deposits in joints, kidneys, and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in gout and hyperuricemic nephropathy. The primary causes of uric acid metabolism disorder include overproduction and reduced excretion. The majority of uric acid in human body is derived from the breakdown of purine nucleotides. Overproduction of uric acid can result from increased concentration or activity of xanthine oxidase, the key enzyme responsible for uric acid synthesis. Alterations in the activity of proteins responsible for uric acid reabsorption and excretion can also affect serum uric acid. Many bioactive compounds derived from natural plants have been shown to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity to reduce uric acid production, modulate the activity of transport proteins to promote uric acid excretion, or alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation through various signaling pathways. These properties have garnered significant attention from researchers. In this paper, we first introduce the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperuricemia, then summarize bioactive compounds with urate-lowering effects, and discuss their potential applications in treating hyperuricemia and its complications.

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天然生物活性化合物:治疗高尿酸血症的新疗法。
高尿酸血症是代谢综合征的一个重要特征,其特点是尿酸升高,导致尿酸盐结晶沉积在关节、肾脏和皮下组织,引起痛风和高尿酸血症肾病。尿酸代谢紊乱的主要原因包括尿酸生成过多和排泄减少。人体内的尿酸大部分来自嘌呤核苷酸的分解。尿酸合成的关键酶黄嘌呤氧化酶的浓度或活性增加会导致尿酸生成过多。负责尿酸重吸收和排泄的蛋白质的活性改变也会影响血清尿酸。许多从天然植物中提取的生物活性化合物已被证明可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性以减少尿酸的产生,调节转运蛋白的活性以促进尿酸的排泄,或通过各种信号途径减轻氧化应激和炎症。这些特性引起了研究人员的极大关注。本文首先介绍了高尿酸血症的病理生理机制,然后总结了具有降尿酸作用的生物活性化合物,并讨论了它们在治疗高尿酸血症及其并发症方面的潜在应用。
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