{"title":"Photoinduced Ullmann-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Challenges","authors":"Ahmed Th Abdulghaffar, Hao-Long Zhang, Qiankun Zhang, Qian Tong, Ruirui Tian, Hao Xu, Jiawei Yang, Yuanqing Xu","doi":"10.1039/d4qo01814a","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Photoinduced Ullmann-type cross-coupling reactions have become a significant advancement in organic synthesis, providing an efficient means to form C–C and C–heteroatom bonds under milder, light-driven conditions. Utilizing copper catalysis, these reactions present considerable benefits over traditional thermal methods by improving reaction efficiency and promoting more sustainable processes. This review offers an evaluation of recent mechanistic developments, with a focus on the nonchain single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism, which is central to the success of these transformations. The discussion includes an up-to-date overview of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, addressing their practical applications and inherent limitations. In addition, this review identifies key challenges, such as catalyst stability, scalability, and the difficulty of activating less reactive substrates like aryl chlorides. To address these limitations, we propose future research directions aimed at overcoming these obstacles.","PeriodicalId":97,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry Frontiers","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Organic Chemistry Frontiers","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4qo01814a","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Photoinduced Ullmann-type cross-coupling reactions have become a significant advancement in organic synthesis, providing an efficient means to form C–C and C–heteroatom bonds under milder, light-driven conditions. Utilizing copper catalysis, these reactions present considerable benefits over traditional thermal methods by improving reaction efficiency and promoting more sustainable processes. This review offers an evaluation of recent mechanistic developments, with a focus on the nonchain single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism, which is central to the success of these transformations. The discussion includes an up-to-date overview of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, addressing their practical applications and inherent limitations. In addition, this review identifies key challenges, such as catalyst stability, scalability, and the difficulty of activating less reactive substrates like aryl chlorides. To address these limitations, we propose future research directions aimed at overcoming these obstacles.
期刊介绍：
Organic Chemistry Frontiers is an esteemed journal that publishes high-quality research across the field of organic chemistry. It places a significant emphasis on studies that contribute substantially to the field by introducing new or significantly improved protocols and methodologies. The journal covers a wide array of topics which include, but are not limited to, organic synthesis, the development of synthetic methodologies, catalysis, natural products, functional organic materials, supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry, as well as physical and computational organic chemistry.
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