Sensitive Detection of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning via N-Salicylaldehyde Naphthyl Thiourea Probe and Investigation into Detoxification Scavengers.

Abstract

Sulfur mustard (SM), a blister agent and toxic chemical warfare compound, leads to injuries in the skin, eyes, and lungs, with early diagnosis being difficult because of its incubation period. Developing scavengers for sulfur mustard (SM) and its simulant, 2-chloroethylsulfide (CEES), is essential due to the severe and long-lasting toxic effects these compounds have on the human body. Existing scavengers like cysteine, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), and sodium thiosulfate cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), rendering them ineffective for detoxifying SM in the brain and highlighting the need for lipophilic scavengers. In this study, an N-salicylaldehyde naphthyl thiourea probe (NCrHT) was developed for detecting SM simulant CEES and its in vivo and in vitro imaging capabilities were evaluated. Additionally, the detoxification potential of scavengers was tested under similar conditions, and we introduced N-acetyl cysteine, which is lipophilic in nature, as an effective scavenger for detoxifying CEES in the zebrafish brain.