Isopods infesting Atlantic bonefish (Albula vulpes) host novel viruses, including reoviruses related to global pathogens, and opportunistically feed on humans.

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY Parasitology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI:10.1017/S003118202400146X
Tony L Goldberg, Addiel U Perez, Lewis J Campbell
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Abstract

Isopods infest fish worldwide, but their role as disease vectors remains poorly understood. Here, we describe infestation of Atlantic bonefish (Albula vulpes) in Belize with isopods in two of three locations studied, with infestation rates of 15 and 44%. Isopods fed aggressively, and infested fish showed missing scales and scars. Gross morphologic and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed the isopods to cluster within the family Aegidae and to be most closely related to members of the genus Rocinela, which are globally distributed micro-predators of fish. Metagenomic analysis of 10 isopods identified 11 viruses, including two novel reoviruses (Reovirales) in the families Sedoreoviridae and Spinareoviridae. The novel sedoreovirus clustered phylogenetically within an invertebrate-specific clade of viruses related to the genus Orbivirus, which contains arboviruses of global concern for mammal health. The novel spinareovirus clustered within the fish-infecting genus Aquareovirus, which contains viruses of global concern for fish health. Metagenomic analyses revealed no evidence of infection of bonefish with the novel aquareovirus, suggesting that viremia in bonefish is absent, low, or transient, or that isopods may have acquired the virus from other fish. During field collections, isopods aggressively bit humans, and blood meal analysis confirmed that isopods had fed on bonefish, other fish, and humans. Vector-borne transmission may be an underappreciated mechanism for aquareovirus transmission and for virus host switching between fish and other species, which has been inferred across viral families from studies of deep virus evolution.

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大西洋骨鱼(Albula vulpes)体内的等足类寄生着新型病毒,包括与全球病原体有关的再病毒,并伺机以人类为食。
等足类动物在世界范围内侵害鱼类,但它们作为疾病媒介的作用仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们描述了伯利兹的大西洋骨鱼(Albula vulpes)在三个研究地点中的两个与等足类动物的侵扰,侵扰率分别为15%和44%。等足类动物进食时很有攻击性,被感染的鱼的鳞片和伤疤都不见了。总体形态学和分子系统发育分析表明,该等足类动物隶属于海燕科,与分布于全球的微捕食者海燕属成员亲缘关系最为密切。对10种等足动物进行宏基因组分析,鉴定出11种病毒,其中包括两种新型呼肠孤病毒(呼肠孤病毒),分别属于塞多呼肠孤病毒科和脊髓呼肠孤病毒科。在系统发育上,这种新型sedoreovirus聚集在与Orbivirus属相关的无脊椎动物病毒分支中,该分支包含全球关注的哺乳动物健康的虫媒病毒。这种新型棘膜病毒聚集在感染鱼类的水膜病毒属中,水膜病毒属中含有全球关注的鱼类健康病毒。宏基因组分析显示,没有证据表明骨鱼感染了这种新型水族病毒,这表明骨鱼的病毒血症是不存在的、低的或短暂的,或者是等足类动物可能从其他鱼类那里获得了病毒。在野外采集过程中,等足类动物积极咬人,血粉分析证实等足类动物以骨鱼、其他鱼类和人类为食。媒介传播可能是水病毒传播和病毒宿主在鱼类和其他物种之间转换的一种未被充分认识的机制,这是通过对病毒深层进化的研究推断出来的。
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来源期刊
Parasitology
Parasitology 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
4.20%
发文量
280
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Parasitology is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in the subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the context of the biological, medical and veterinary sciences. Included in the subscription price are two special issues which contain reviews of current hot topics, one of which is the proceedings of the annual Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology, while the second, covering areas of significant topical interest, is commissioned by the editors and the editorial board.
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