{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition of metastatic melanoma: achieving high efficacy in the face of high toxicity.","authors":"Joy Justice, Roma A Kankaria, Douglas B Johnson","doi":"10.1080/17512433.2024.2431513","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the treatment of metastatic melanoma by blocking immune system down-regulators enhancing T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. However, many ICIs induce immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) that can impact many organ systems.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Strategies used to manage irAEs include corticosteroids, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) agents, other biological therapies, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and emerging regimens. In this review, we describe current evidence for the efficacy of ICIs, acute and chronic immune toxicities, and strategies to manage toxicities for patients treated with ICIs.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>IrAE management will likely evolve by developing more tailored approaches to prevent toxicities, improving non-steroidal management strategies and tailoring the dose of steroids, and identifying biomarkers of severe toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12207,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2024.2431513","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the treatment of metastatic melanoma by blocking immune system down-regulators enhancing T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. However, many ICIs induce immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) that can impact many organ systems.
Areas covered: Strategies used to manage irAEs include corticosteroids, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) agents, other biological therapies, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and emerging regimens. In this review, we describe current evidence for the efficacy of ICIs, acute and chronic immune toxicities, and strategies to manage toxicities for patients treated with ICIs.
Expert opinion: IrAE management will likely evolve by developing more tailored approaches to prevent toxicities, improving non-steroidal management strategies and tailoring the dose of steroids, and identifying biomarkers of severe toxicities.
期刊介绍：
Advances in drug development technologies are yielding innovative new therapies, from potentially lifesaving medicines to lifestyle products. In recent years, however, the cost of developing new drugs has soared, and concerns over drug resistance and pharmacoeconomics have come to the fore. Adverse reactions experienced at the clinical trial level serve as a constant reminder of the importance of rigorous safety and toxicity testing. Furthermore the advent of pharmacogenomics and ‘individualized’ approaches to therapy will demand a fresh approach to drug evaluation and healthcare delivery.
Clinical Pharmacology provides an essential role in integrating the expertise of all of the specialists and players who are active in meeting such challenges in modern biomedical practice.
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