{"title":"Assessment of fluoride level in drinking water sources in Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal.","authors":"Naresh Prasad Joshi, Jagadish Joshi, Abanish Singh","doi":"10.33314/jnhrc.v22i02.5042","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluoride, a naturally occurring element found in varying concentrations in water, confers preventive effects in dental caries around a concentration of 1 ppm. The study aimed to assess the level of fluoride in drinking water sources in the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023 with water samples from natural, municipal, and packaged sources collected in polypropylene plastic bottles from all 9 districts of the province. Three samples from each district's two most populous municipalities (one urban and one rural municipality) were taken. Water samples from the only sub-metropolitan city in the province (Dhangadhi) were also included. Fifty-seven samples were sent to a Nepal Standard-certified lab in Kathmandu for fluoride estimation using the American Public Health Association-approved method. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v 22. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the water samples had fluoride levels below 0.1 ppm. The highest fluoride concentration was seen in a sample from a hand pump in the rural municipality of Kanchanpur (0.9 ppm). No significant differences were observed between water samples according to different water sources, geographical regions, or categories of water resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fluoride concentration in water sources of Sudurpashchim is well below the recommended level for caries protection. Measures should be taken to ascertain people get adequate fluoride as needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","volume":"22 2","pages":"330-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i02.5042","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Fluoride, a naturally occurring element found in varying concentrations in water, confers preventive effects in dental caries around a concentration of 1 ppm. The study aimed to assess the level of fluoride in drinking water sources in the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023 with water samples from natural, municipal, and packaged sources collected in polypropylene plastic bottles from all 9 districts of the province. Three samples from each district's two most populous municipalities (one urban and one rural municipality) were taken. Water samples from the only sub-metropolitan city in the province (Dhangadhi) were also included. Fifty-seven samples were sent to a Nepal Standard-certified lab in Kathmandu for fluoride estimation using the American Public Health Association-approved method. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v 22. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Most of the water samples had fluoride levels below 0.1 ppm. The highest fluoride concentration was seen in a sample from a hand pump in the rural municipality of Kanchanpur (0.9 ppm). No significant differences were observed between water samples according to different water sources, geographical regions, or categories of water resources.
Conclusions: Fluoride concentration in water sources of Sudurpashchim is well below the recommended level for caries protection. Measures should be taken to ascertain people get adequate fluoride as needed.
期刊介绍:
The journal publishes articles related to researches done in the field of biomedical sciences related to all the discipline of the medical sciences, medical education, public health, health care management, including ethical and social issues pertaining to health. The journal gives preference to clinically oriented studies over experimental and animal studies. The Journal would publish peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Editorial, Guest Editorial, Viewpoint and letter to the editor are solicited by the editorial board. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) regarding manuscript submission and processing at JNHRC.