Assessment of fluoride level in drinking water sources in Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal.

Naresh Prasad Joshi, Jagadish Joshi, Abanish Singh
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Abstract

Background: Fluoride, a naturally occurring element found in varying concentrations in water, confers preventive effects in dental caries around a concentration of 1 ppm. The study aimed to assess the level of fluoride in drinking water sources in the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023 with water samples from natural, municipal, and packaged sources collected in polypropylene plastic bottles from all 9 districts of the province. Three samples from each district's two most populous municipalities (one urban and one rural municipality) were taken. Water samples from the only sub-metropolitan city in the province (Dhangadhi) were also included. Fifty-seven samples were sent to a Nepal Standard-certified lab in Kathmandu for fluoride estimation using the American Public Health Association-approved method. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v 22. A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Most of the water samples had fluoride levels below 0.1 ppm. The highest fluoride concentration was seen in a sample from a hand pump in the rural municipality of Kanchanpur (0.9 ppm). No significant differences were observed between water samples according to different water sources, geographical regions, or categories of water resources.

Conclusions: Fluoride concentration in water sources of Sudurpashchim is well below the recommended level for caries protection. Measures should be taken to ascertain people get adequate fluoride as needed.

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尼泊尔苏德帕希姆省饮用水源氟含量评估。
背景:氟是一种天然元素,在水中的浓度各不相同,浓度在百万分之 1 左右时具有预防龋齿的作用。本研究旨在评估尼泊尔苏德帕希姆省饮用水源中的氟含量:这项横断面研究于 2023 年 4 月至 7 月进行,水样来自该省所有 9 个县的天然水源、市政水源和用聚丙烯塑料瓶包装的水源。每个县从人口最多的两个市(一个城市市和一个农村市)采集三个样本。该省唯一的副大都市(Dhangadhi)的水样也包括在内。57 份样本被送往加德满都的尼泊尔标准认证实验室,采用美国公共卫生协会认可的方法进行氟估算。数据输入 Microsoft Excel,并使用社会科学统计软件包 v 22 进行分析。P 值小于 0.05 为显著:大多数水样的氟含量低于 0.1 ppm。氟化物浓度最高的是来自 Kanchanpur 农村市镇的一个手泵水样(0.9 ppm)。不同水源、地理区域或水资源类别的水样之间没有明显差异:结论:苏杜帕希姆水源中的氟化物浓度远低于龋齿保护的建议水平。应采取措施确保人们获得所需的充足氟化物。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
81
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal publishes articles related to researches done in the field of biomedical sciences related to all the discipline of the medical sciences, medical education, public health, health care management, including ethical and social issues pertaining to health. The journal gives preference to clinically oriented studies over experimental and animal studies. The Journal would publish peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Editorial, Guest Editorial, Viewpoint and letter to the editor are solicited by the editorial board. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) regarding manuscript submission and processing at JNHRC.
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