A 0.7 cm2, 3.5 GHz, −31 dBm Sensitivity Battery-Free 5G Energy-Harvester Backscatterer With 20 s Cold-Start Wake-Up Time for IoT-Enabled Warehouses

IF 5.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI:10.1109/JSSC.2024.3498602

Deniz Umut Yildirim;Jaeyoung Jung;Amr Elsakka;Giuseppe Moschetti;Miguel M. Lopez;Jonas Hansryd;Tomás Palacios;Anantha P. Chandrakasan

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Abstract

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) demand ultralow power wireless systems. This article presents a 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band wireless energy harvesting backscatter system, optimized for sensitivity and start-up time, making it ideal for fast inventory counts and extensive coverage in IoT-enabled warehouses. The system features a rectifier with −31 dBm sensitivity for 0.9 V output, enabling quick energy storage within ~20 s from cold start. It employs backscattering blocks consuming 120 nW power with improved uplink data transfer resiliency to reduce minimize time. Incorporating a current-starved oscillator and self-clocked signal encoding, our design replaces low-dropout regulator (LDO) with a PTAT-current source inside backscattering/communication blocks to cut power consumption, while also boosting PVT-resiliency. Fabricated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS, the chip outperforms existing solutions in area and power efficiency. This comprehensive system not only boosts the capabilities of battery-free IoT tags but also opens new avenues for their application in industrial and commercial settings, paving the way for the next generation of IoT devices.

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一款 0.7 cm$^2$、3.5 GHz、灵敏度为 $-$31 dBm 的无电池 5G 能量收集器，冷启动唤醒时间为 20 秒，适用于物联网仓库

物联网（IoT）的快速发展需要超低功耗无线系统。本文介绍了一种3.5 GHz公民宽带无线电服务（CBRS）频段无线能量收集反向散射系统，该系统针对灵敏度和启动时间进行了优化，使其成为快速盘点和广泛覆盖物联网仓库的理想选择。该系统具有一个灵敏度为−31 dBm的整流器，输出电压为0.9 V，可在冷启动后20秒内快速存储能量。它采用120 nW功率的后向散射块，提高了上行数据传输的弹性，最大限度地减少了时间。我们的设计结合了一个电流匮乏的振荡器和自时钟信号编码，在后向散射/通信模块内用ptat电流源取代了低差稳压器（LDO），以降低功耗，同时还提高了pvt弹性。该芯片采用台积电65nm CMOS制造，在面积和功率效率方面优于现有解决方案。这一全面的系统不仅提高了无电池物联网标签的能力，而且为其在工业和商业环境中的应用开辟了新的途径，为下一代物联网设备铺平了道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

20.40%

发文量

351

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： The IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits publishes papers each month in the broad area of solid-state circuits with particular emphasis on transistor-level design of integrated circuits. It also provides coverage of topics such as circuits modeling, technology, systems design, layout, and testing that relate directly to IC design. Integrated circuits and VLSI are of principal interest; material related to discrete circuit design is seldom published. Experimental verification is strongly encouraged.