A prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive aspects in relation to sports related ocular injuries.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Ocular trauma, a major cause of visual morbidity and unilateral blindness globally, sees sports as a prominent contributor. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures, combining health education and ocular protective devices, in reducing sports-induced ocular injuries over 5 years.

Methods: Conducted in a large military hospital in India, this prospective observational study spanned from January 2010 to December 2018. Preventive strategies included pre-participation eye examinations, health education targeting players, parents, and coaches, and the mandatory use of ocular protective gear. Ocular injuries were classified using The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology.

Results: Over the study period, ocular injuries reduced significantly by more than 70%. The reduction was observed across various sports, with an 80% decrease in some. Notably, sports with compulsory ocular protection, such as swimming and squash, showed a 100% reduction in eye injuries (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study underscores the success of a combined approach involving health education and mandatory use of ocular protective gear in preventing sports-related ocular injuries. The results highlight the need for continued efforts, including governmental initiatives, to achieve the ultimate goal of 90% prevention and alleviate the burden on healthcare resources.