Changes in rectal temperature as a means of assessing heat tolerance and sensitivity in chickens.

Abstract

High ambient temperature and relative humidity significantly affect growth and production performance in poultry. Ability of poultry to regulate their core body temperature relative to the ambient temperature depends on the relative nutrient/energy expenditure in maintenance and performance requirements. We hypothesized that changes in rectal temperature corrected for surface area can be used as a measure of heat tolerance/sensitivity. Rectal temperatures of one hundred mixed sex Ross 308 broiler chickens were measured hourly from 6 AM to 6 PM at 24 days of age. The ambient temperature and relative humidity were also measured hourly for the same 12-h period. Body weights were measured at day 24 and 38 days of age. The temperature-humidity index (THI) increased from 77.5 at 6.00 AM and peaked at 83.5 at 3.00 PM. The average rectal temperature increased from 39.90⁰C at 6.00 AM to about 41.30⁰C at 9.00 AM. Thereafter, the average rectal temperature remained constant until 3.00 PM when it began to decline. At 6.00 PM, the rectal temperature had declined to about 40.70 °C. Evaporative heat loss is affected by surface areas and as a result, rectal temperature was corrected for surface area. The change in rectal temperature corrected for surface area was negatively correlated with body weight gain indicating variability in the response of individual chickens exposed to similar THI. This variability was attributed to heat tolerance. It was hypothesized that mismatch between nutrient and energy supply and the partition of nutrient/energy between maintenance of core body temperature and protein synthesis could be reflected on the differences in heat-tolerance and body weight gain in the chicken population. The genetic basis of differences in rectal temperature changes corrected for surface area could be elucidated as a means of developing thermo-tolerant chickens.