Monitoring Influenza A (H1N1, H3N2), RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study in an Indian Megacity Covering Omicron and Post-Omicron Phases

IF 4.1 2区农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Food and Environmental Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI:10.1007/s12560-024-09618-y

Rinka Pramanik, Kiran Nannaware, Vinita Malik, Priyanki Shah, Poornima Sangewar, Niharika Gogate, L. S. Shashidhara, Radhika Boargaonkar, Dhawal Patil, Saurabh Kale, Asim Bhalerao, Nidhi Jain, Sanjay Kamble, Syed Dastager, Mahesh Dharne

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Abstract

The bourgeoning field of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for the surveillance of several respiratory viruses which includes Influenza A, H1N1pdm09, H3N2, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of interest for public health concerns. However, there are few long-term monitoring studies globally. In this study, respiratory viruses were detected and quantified from 11 sewer sheds by utilizing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in Pune city, India, from Jan 2022 to Dec 2023. The RNA fragments of respiratory viruses were detected in sewage samples before clinical cases were reported, underscoring the potential of WBE for early detection and monitoring within the population. The Spearman correlation of wastewater viral copies was positively and significantly correlated with the clinically positive case of H1N1pdm09 (ρ = 0.55, p = 1.4 × 10^–9), H3N2 (ρ = 0.25, p = 9.9 × 10^–3), and SARS-CoV-2 (ρ = 0.43, p = 4.1 × 10^–6). The impact of public health interventions on the circulation of infectious respiratory diseases showed a significant difference in the viral load during the period when many preventing measures were carried out against the COVID-19 pandemic (restriction phase), compared to the period when no such preventive measures are followed (no-restriction phase) for Influenza A, H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and RSV with p-value < 0.05, which indicates the influence of health policy implementation in controlling disease spread. The present study provides an effective approach to detecting multiple respiratory viruses from wastewater and provides insights into the epidemiology of respiratory illnesses. The WBE aids in providing information on the spread of pathogens (viruses) in the community, offering a proactive strategy for public health management, allowing for timely interventions and implementing targeted measures to mitigate the spread of these viruses under one health approach.

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利用基于废水的流行病学监测甲型流感（H1N1、H3N2）、RSV 和 SARS-CoV-2 ：在印度大城市开展的一项为期两年的纵向研究，涵盖了微米级和后微米级阶段

基于废水的流行病学（WBE）正在蓬勃发展，用于监测多种呼吸道病毒，包括甲型流感、甲型 H1N1pdm09、H3N2、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2），这对公共卫生问题很有意义。然而，全球很少有长期监测研究。本研究利用反转录定量聚合酶链反应分析方法，从 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月期间在印度浦那市的 11 个下水道中检测并量化了呼吸道病毒。在临床病例报告之前，污水样本中就检测到了呼吸道病毒的 RNA 片段，这表明水生生物环境技术具有在人群中进行早期检测和监测的潜力。污水病毒拷贝的斯皮尔曼相关性与 H1N1pdm09（ρ = 0.55，p = 1.4 × 10-9）、H3N2（ρ = 0.25，p = 9.9 × 10-3）和 SARS-CoV-2 （ρ = 0.43，p = 4.1 × 10-6）的临床阳性病例呈显著正相关。公共卫生干预措施对呼吸道传染病传播的影响显示，在针对 COVID-19 大流行采取了许多预防措施的时期（限制阶段），与未采取此类预防措施的时期（无限制阶段）相比，甲型流感、H1N1pdm09、H3N2 和 RSV 的病毒载量存在显著差异（p 值为 0.05），这表明了卫生政策的实施对控制疾病传播的影响。本研究提供了一种从废水中检测多种呼吸道病毒的有效方法，并为呼吸道疾病的流行病学提供了见解。WBE 有助于提供病原体（病毒）在社区中传播的信息，为公共卫生管理提供了一种积极主动的策略，可以及时干预并实施有针对性的措施，以一种卫生方法来减少这些病毒的传播。

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来源期刊

Food and Environmental Virology ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

2.90%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Food and Environmental Virology publishes original articles, notes and review articles on any aspect relating to the transmission of pathogenic viruses via the environment (water, air, soil etc.) and foods. This includes epidemiological studies, identification of novel or emerging pathogens, methods of analysis or characterisation, studies on survival and elimination, and development of procedural controls for industrial processes, e.g. HACCP plans. The journal will cover all aspects of this important area, and encompass studies on any human, animal, and plant pathogenic virus which is capable of transmission via the environment or food.