Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper slag-based inorganic polymer adsorbents by silane grafting using response surface methodology for the removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions
{"title":"Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper slag-based inorganic polymer adsorbents by silane grafting using response surface methodology for the removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions","authors":"Mullaimalar A., Jeyalakshmi R.","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106620","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Removal of microplastics (MPs) is complicated due to their minuscule size, large surface area and strong interactions with multiple constituents in water. Since the effectiveness of MP removal is based on surface interactions, the water-repellent surface of alkali activated magnetic inorganic polymers (IPs) from waste slag is optimized by different silane-coupling agents (SCA), namely, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) using a coupled RSM-CCD approach. The critical factors like adsorbent dosage, volume of SCA, time and speed of mixing showed compatible chemical interaction giving rise to a water contact angle of 145.7° against 90° of the unmodified IPs were placed in contact with a solution of carboxylate-functionalized polystyrene latex beads, yellow green labelled in a batch process and detected by fluorescent spectrometry. The results demonstrated that abundant active side chains of SCA-IP provided good adsorption capacity, with a removal efficiency of 98.1 %, 94.2 % and 91.6 % for AP-SCA-IP, HD-SCA-IP and MP-SCA, respectively, at a pH margin of 6–9 at 10 mg L<sup>− 1</sup>. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics and the effect of common ions NaCl, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the removal efficiency is reported. Adsorption mechanisms are mainly deep adsorption on the hydrophobic surface (HB), electrostatic attraction (EA) and van der Walls forces, as analysed by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Collectively, these findings evidenced the multifaceted capabilities of magnetic IPs, heralding a new era for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions to attain Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106620"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of water process engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221471442401852X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Removal of microplastics (MPs) is complicated due to their minuscule size, large surface area and strong interactions with multiple constituents in water. Since the effectiveness of MP removal is based on surface interactions, the water-repellent surface of alkali activated magnetic inorganic polymers (IPs) from waste slag is optimized by different silane-coupling agents (SCA), namely, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) using a coupled RSM-CCD approach. The critical factors like adsorbent dosage, volume of SCA, time and speed of mixing showed compatible chemical interaction giving rise to a water contact angle of 145.7° against 90° of the unmodified IPs were placed in contact with a solution of carboxylate-functionalized polystyrene latex beads, yellow green labelled in a batch process and detected by fluorescent spectrometry. The results demonstrated that abundant active side chains of SCA-IP provided good adsorption capacity, with a removal efficiency of 98.1 %, 94.2 % and 91.6 % for AP-SCA-IP, HD-SCA-IP and MP-SCA, respectively, at a pH margin of 6–9 at 10 mg L− 1. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics and the effect of common ions NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 on the removal efficiency is reported. Adsorption mechanisms are mainly deep adsorption on the hydrophobic surface (HB), electrostatic attraction (EA) and van der Walls forces, as analysed by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Collectively, these findings evidenced the multifaceted capabilities of magnetic IPs, heralding a new era for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions to attain Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies
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