Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents Regarding Ophthalmological Screening of Preschool-Aged Children in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Children's eye disorders are a major cause of irreversible vision loss. Delays in diagnosing eye problems in children are recurring problems that require quick attention. This study assesses parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the early ophthalmological screening of preschool-aged children in Jazan, KSA.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 522 parents of preschool-aged children in the Jazan region. A self-administered web-based questionnaire was randomly distributed to the parents via WhatsApp. The survey tool consisted of four main sections: socio-demographic data, knowledge about eye care, attitudes toward eye screening, and eye care practices.

Results: Parents' level of knowledge regarding children's eye care was distributed as follows: low (21.5%), medium (40.2%), and high (38.4%). Parent gender, age, occupation, level of income, and nationality showed no statistically significant association with the knowledge level (p > 0.05 for all). However, parent education played a significant role (p = 0.013). Further, parents expressed a positive attitude toward the early screening of eye problems, as more than 90% agreed that early eye examinations for children reduce complications from visual problems and that the increased use of electronic devices requires early eye examinations. Almost 47.0% of the parents had examined their children's eyes when they were between 1 and 5 years of age, compared with only 10.3% of parents of children less than 1 year of age. The multiple linear regression model for factors that predict knowledge level among the study participants showed that having a child undergo early screening is positively associated with an increased knowledge score (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Jazan parents showed a positive attitude toward the early screening of eye problems, and one-third had a high level of knowledge regarding children's eye care. However, the proportion of those who practiced early eye screening was low. More health education is necessary to increase parents' awareness regarding early eye care practices.