Meta-analysis of the efficacy of different blue light therapy methods for neonatal jaundice.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the efficacy of different blue light therapy methods and provide evidence-based recommendations for their selection in clinical practice.

Methods: Clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of various blue light therapy methods for neonatal jaundice were retrieved from both domestic and international databases. The search period covered the inception of each database until November 2023. After screening, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Literature management was conducted with NoteExpress 3.2, while data collection and extraction were performed using Excel 2003. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test (p value), and the OR value of the combined effect was calculated using either a fixed-effects or random effects model, depending on the presence of heterogeneity. A forest plot was generated to visualize the results. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding the largest-weighted study, and the potential for bias in outcome indicators was assessed using a funnel plot.

Results: A total of 652 articles were retrieved, with 16 clinical RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results indicated that, compared to continuous blue light therapy in the control group, intermittent blue light therapy achieved a higher total effective rate (OR = 1.82, 95%CI (1.25-2.64), p = .002), significantly lower serum bilirubin levels post-treatment (OR = -14.59, 95%CI (-26.11 to -3.08), p = .01), and a shorter time to jaundice resolution (OR = -2.35, 95%CI (-3.83 to -0.87), p = .002). Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the intermittent therapy group compared to the control group (OR = 0.27, 95%CI (0.19-0.36), p < .00001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the combined effect size was stable and reliable (OR (95%CI) = -16.23 (-28.67 to -3.79), p = .01). The funnel plot suggested potential publication bias.

Conclusions: Intermittent blue light therapy is effective and demonstrates significant clinical benefits, making it a valuable treatment option for neonatal jaundice in clinical practice.