Comparison of Two Analytical Techniques of Biomass Burning Markers in PM1 and PM2.5 From Zabrze, Southern Poland

Abstract

With increasing attention to alternative energy sources due to environmental concerns, biomass emerges as a promising solution. However, biomass combustion emits particulate matter and harmful substances, impacting air quality and human health. The study compares gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) methods for biomass combustion marker determination. GC-MS involves derivatization and subsequent analysis, while HPAEC-PAD utilizes water extraction, bypassing derivatization. Both methods' analytical performance characteristics were compared, showing HPAEC-PAD to have slightly lower detection limits and simplified sample preparation. The comparison revealed similar concentrations of levoglucosan and mannosan between the methods. However, galactosan (GA) concentrations showed discrepancies, possibly due to method sensitivity and recovery. HPAEC-PAD exhibited advantages in GA detection due to its direct analysis and better recovery. The study highlights the suitability of HPAEC-PAD for biomass combustion marker analysis, especially for GA determination, owing to its simplicity. However, GC-MS offers advantages in complex matrix identification. The findings provide insights for future research on atmospheric aerosol analysis and comparative studies of analytical techniques for other monosaccharides.