Geospatial Distribution of HIV Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors in South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract

The reliance on replacement blood donors in developing countries has led to an increased prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors in South Asian countries and disseminate the findings in choropleth maps. In addition, gender-specific prevalence or the yearly trend of HIV prevalence among blood donors was also investigated. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, CAB abstracts, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2000 and December 2022. The DerSimonian-Laird effect model was used due to the high heterogeneity of the data. Data analysis was performed using R Studio version 4.1.0, ArcGIS, and GraphPad Prism 7.0. The pooled seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors in South Asian countries was found to be 0.13%, with the highest prevalence of 0.19% in India and the lowest prevalence of 0.02% in Bangladesh and Bhutan. Female blood donors had a higher seroprevalence than their male counterparts (0.24%, vs. 0.17%). In contrast to voluntary blood donors with an HIV seroprevalence of 0.13%, replacement blood donors have a higher HIV prevalence of 0.26%. The observed high heterogeneity was attributed to variations in country, gender, type of blood donors, and study year. This study demonstrates a significant burden of HIV among blood donors in South Asia, emphasizing the need for enhanced donor screening protocols, targeted interventions and educational campaigns to ensure the safety of blood transfusion services. Future research should explore additional risk factors and focus on expanding screening methods, particularly in resource-limited settings.