Prognostic Relevance of Copy Number Losses in Ovarian Cancer.

Abstract

Background/objectives: Aneuploidy is a prevalent cancer feature that occurs in many solid tumors. For example, high-grade serous ovarian cancer shows a high level of copy number alterations and genomic rearrangements. This makes genomic variants appealing as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, as well as for their easy detection. In this study, we focused on copy number (CN) losses shared by ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) to identify chromosomal regions that may be important for CSC features and, in turn, for patients' prognosis.

Methods: Array-CGH and bioinformatic analyses on three CSCs subpopulations were performed.

Results: Pathway and gene ontology analyses on genes involved in copy number loss in all CSCs revealed a significant decrease in mRNA surveillance pathway, as well as miRNA-mediated gene silencing. Then, starting from these CN losses, we validated their potential prognostic relevance by analyzing the TCGA cohort. Notably, losses of 4q34.3-q35.2, 8p21.2-p21.1, and 18q12.2-q23 were linked to increased genomic instability. Loss of 18q12.2-q23 was also related to a higher tumor stage and poor prognosis. Finally, specific genes mapping in these regions, such as PPP2R2A and TPGS2A, emerged as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of genomic alterations in ovarian cancer and their impact on tumor progression and patients' prognosis, offering advance in understanding of the application of numerical aberrations as prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers.