Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Contamination in Hotel Rooms: A Pilot Study to Understand Sources and Health Risks.

Adam Nored, Xianqiang Fu, Rui Qi, Namuun Batbaatar, Chunrong Jia
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic drove the use of cleaning products, causing organic solvent contamination in hospitality environments. This pilot study investigated the presence and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in selected hotels in four different US cities with varying star ratings at the end of the pandemic period. Targeting 139 VOCs, 57 were detected across eight groups: alcohols, halocarbons, aromatics, alkanes, terpenes, carbonyls, ethers, and esters, in the indoor air. Alcohols were the most prevalent, especially in lower-rated hotels, suggesting higher use of cleaning supplies. Elevated levels of aromatics were detected in hotels rated under three stars, with a notable disparity compared to higher-rated hotels. Additionally, alkanes and terpenes such as n-tetradecane and d-limonene were consistently detected. Health risk assessment showed concentrations of all VOCs remained below their health criteria for customers. The cumulative cancer risk was 2.25 × 10-6 for hotel workers from chronic occupational exposure to eight carcinogenic VOCs, representing 1/3 of the lifetime risk from these chemicals in the ambient air. Cancer risks from individual VOCs ranged from 0.001 × 10-6 to 1.07 × 10-6, with chloroform accounting for nearly half of the cumulative risk. The findings underscore the need for careful selection and use of furnishings and cleaning supplies and for effective indoor air pollution control and management in hotel indoor environments.

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酒店客房中的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 污染:了解来源和健康风险的试点研究。
COVID-19 大流行推动了清洁产品的使用,造成酒店环境的有机溶剂污染。这项试点研究调查了大流行结束时美国四个不同城市不同星级的选定酒店中挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的存在和浓度。针对 139 种挥发性有机化合物,在室内空气中检测到了八类 57 种:醇类、卤化碳、芳烃、烷烃、萜烯、羰基、醚和酯。醇类最普遍,尤其是在等级较低的酒店,这表明清洁用品的使用率较高。在三星级以下的酒店中检测到的芳烃含量较高,与评级较高的酒店相比差距明显。此外,还持续检测到正十四烷和 d-柠檬烯等烷烃和萜烯类化合物。健康风险评估结果表明,所有挥发性有机化合物的浓度均低于顾客健康标准。酒店工作人员长期接触八种致癌挥发性有机化合物的累积癌症风险为 2.25 × 10-6,相当于这些化学品在环境空气中的终生风险的 1/3。个别挥发性有机化合物的致癌风险从 0.001 × 10-6 到 1.07 × 10-6 不等,其中氯仿占累积风险的近一半。研究结果表明,在酒店室内环境中,有必要谨慎选择和使用家具和清洁用品,并进行有效的室内空气污染控制和管理。
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期刊介绍: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) (ISSN 1660-4601) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications in the interdisciplinary area of environmental health sciences and public health. It links several scientific disciplines including biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, cellular and molecular biology, chemistry, computer science, ecology, engineering, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, oncology, pathology, pharmacology, and toxicology, in an integrated fashion, to address critical issues related to environmental quality and public health. Therefore, IJERPH focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health. The 2018 IJERPH Outstanding Reviewer Award has been launched! This award acknowledge those who have generously dedicated their time to review manuscripts submitted to IJERPH. See full details at http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/awards.
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