Virtual Reality Portable Perimetry and Home Monitoring of Glaucoma: Retention and Compliance over a 2-year Period

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate long-term retention, compliance, and performance of glaucoma patients using a virtual reality portable perimeter to monitor visual fields (VFs) at home.

Design

Prospective, longitudinal, cohort study.

Subjects

Twenty-five glaucoma patients with stable and reliable VFs (average age 67.4 years) were recruited at Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Participants were instructed to perform bilateral home VF tests fortnightly for 2 years using the Toronto Portable Perimeter (TPP). Based on empirical home monitoring data, simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate the progression detection performance of high-frequency TPP testing.

Main Outcome Measures

Retention rates were calculated as the percentage of participants who performed ≥1 home VF test. Compliance rates measured the percentage of participants adhering to the recommended test frequency of every 2-month period. Visual field indices, test reliability, intertest variability, and the precision of estimating progression rate with TPP were compared to those with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). After 6 months, participants completed a questionnaire to evaluate their experiences and preferences. The years required to detect progression were also compared between HFA and TPP tests.

Results

Eighteen of the 25 participants (72%) completed ≥1 unsupervised VF test at home, with an average test frequency of 1.6 tests/month. Compliance decreased as the monitoring duration progressed, dropping from 83% (initial 2 months) to 11% (final 2 months). Unfamiliarity with technology and time constraints were identified as the main barriers to regular testing. Visual field indices of TPP home tests were strongly correlated with clinical results (r > 0.900). Home testing significantly reduced intertest variability (P < 0.001) and improved the precision of progression rate estimates (P < 0.010). Participants overwhelmingly preferred home testing over clinic VF follow-ups (P < 0.001). Simulations showed that TPP tests can significantly shorten the time to detect progression for different progression rates compared with clinical VF follow-up, even with compromised compliance.

Conclusions

Despite the small sample size, our study demonstrated that glaucoma patients could reliably perform VF tests at home over a 2-year period. However, issues with retention rate and compliance with long-term VF monitoring were observed in some participants. Nevertheless, high-quality VF data from home tests can provide supplementary information to improve the timely detection of VF progression.

Financial Disclosure(s)

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.