Establishment of a mouse organ culture model of fetal cleft lip for the evaluation of adipose-derived stem cell therapy

Abstract

Introduction

Cleft lip and cleft palate are congenital disorders resulting from abnormal facial development. Current treatments require multiple surgeries, which have risks of scar formation and facial deformities. Recently, fetal treatments utilizing “scarless healing” have gained attention, as early intervention shows potential to suppress scarring. In the field of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cell therapies using cell sheets have advanced, by which promotion of tissue repair is expected. However, researches for fetal treatment using small animal models of cleft lip are challenging due to the high fetal mortality caused by surgical invasiveness. Although organ culture methods may offer an alternative approach, no organ culture system for fetal cleft lip research has been reported.

Methods

In this study, a cleft lip was surgically created on the upper left side lip of E15.5 mouse fetuses. These fetuses were cultured for four days using an organ culture system. Histological evaluation was performed to evaluate cell density, tissue morphology, and epithelialization. Additionally, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets were transplanted two days after cleft lip creation to evaluate their effect on tissue repair.

Results

The histological analysis showed that cell density and tissue morphology were stably maintained in the four-day culture period. Epithelialization of the incision site was observed two days after surgery, confirming the completion of cleft formation. In the ADSC-transplanted group, epithelialization of the cleft site was observed, which indicates that the stem cell sheets contributed to tissue repair.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates the successful development of a cleft lip organ culture model and highlights the potential of ADSC sheets in promoting tissue repair. These findings provide a foundation for future regenerative medicine strategies in fetal cleft lip therapy.