Addictive Behavior and Evolutionary Adaptation: Mitigated through Genetic Addiction Risk Severity Early Identification and Awareness Integration Theory.

Medical research archives Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI:10.18103/mra.v12i8.5702
Foojan Zeine, Nicole Jafari, Eileen Manoukian, Kenneth Blum
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Abstract

Objectives: Humans, with their unique genetic profile, exhibit a greater propensity to develop and maintain addiction compared to other animals. This paper offers a detailed examination of addiction, co-occurring traits, and psychologic disorders, focusing on neurobiological and molecular aspects. Furthermore, the authors investigate the potential of the Awareness Integration Theoretical model as an effective therapeutic addiction treatment.

Methods: Using PsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the evolutionary and adaptation pathways to addiction, epigenetic factors, and the potentiality of Awareness Integration Theory in treating addiction.

Results: Epigenetics allows environmental factors to create lasting and heritable phenotypic changes, enabling rapid adaptation to these stimuli. Addiction "high-jacks" this system and the neurochemical mechanisms that control flexibility and innovation and is, thus, the price we pay for adaptability. Drug addiction is thought of as an adjunctive behavior or a subordinate behavior catalyzed by more profound, more significant psychological and biological stimuli.

Conclusions: The neurochemical mechanisms underlying addiction, a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, are intertwined with the hallmark features of the human species, such as behavioral flexibility and pre-addictive propensity. The dopaminergic system, a key player in addiction, serves as a crucial link between addiction and the shared genetic profile evident in co-occurring traits and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Furthermore, a hypofunctioning dopaminergic system is a common characteristic of addiction and co-occurring psychiatric and psychological disorders. Early childhood preventative measures are vital in re-directing the existing predictive and poor adaptability functioning, which refers to the individual's inability to adapt to changing circumstances and reliance on maladaptive coping strategies. Awareness Integration Theory's approach encompasses a therapeutical model addressing individuals' physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains, allowing the individual to address intergenerational and ancestral ineffective and harmful adaptability. This, in turn, AIT will allow the human genome to be on a healthier path to recovery from obstacles such as addiction. When a tendency or a characteristic improves your ability to function and survive, and especially your ability to produce and raise children, that will most likely break the cycle of addiction and addictive behavior.

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成瘾行为和进化适应:通过遗传成瘾风险严重程度早期识别和意识整合理论减轻。
目的:与其他动物相比,人类具有独特的基因特征,表现出更大的发展和维持成瘾的倾向。本文提供了一个详细的检查成瘾,共同发生的特征,和心理障碍,集中在神经生物学和分子方面。此外,作者还研究了意识整合理论模型作为一种有效的成瘾治疗方法的潜力。方法:利用PsychINFO、PubMed、谷歌Scholar等工具,对成瘾的进化和适应途径、表观遗传因素、意识整合理论治疗成瘾的潜力等方面进行文献综述。结果:表观遗传学允许环境因素创造持久和可遗传的表型变化,使快速适应这些刺激。成瘾“刺激”了这个系统和控制灵活性和创新的神经化学机制,因此,这是我们为适应性付出的代价。药物成瘾被认为是一种辅助行为或从属行为,由更深刻、更重要的心理和生物刺激催化。结论:成瘾的神经化学机制是遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用,与人类物种的标志性特征(如行为灵活性和成瘾前倾向)交织在一起。多巴胺能系统是成瘾的一个关键角色,在成瘾和共同发生的特征以及精神和心理障碍中明显的共同遗传特征之间起着至关重要的联系。此外,多巴胺能系统功能低下是成瘾和共同发生的精神和心理障碍的共同特征。儿童早期预防措施对于重新引导现有的预测性和适应性差功能至关重要,这是指个体无法适应不断变化的环境并依赖于适应不良的应对策略。意识整合理论的方法包括一个治疗模型,解决个人的身体,认知和社会心理领域,允许个人解决代际和祖先的无效和有害的适应性。反过来,AIT将使人类基因组走上一条更健康的道路,从成瘾等障碍中恢复过来。当一种倾向或特征提高了你的生活能力和生存能力,尤其是你生育和抚养孩子的能力时,这很可能会打破成瘾和成瘾行为的循环。
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