Incidence and awareness of dysphoric milk ejection reflex (DMER).

Abstract

Objectives: To determine Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (DMER) incidence. Secondary objectives were to describe the symptom profiles and patient characteristics of DMER and assess DMER familiarity.

Methods: A prospective observational study of people who initiated breastfeeding after delivery between December 2022 and May 2023 at two hospitals in New York. Participants filled out an Initial Survey, assessing prior DMER familiarity, and recurring DMER Symptoms Surveys, assessing symptom presence, severity, and transiency. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics and clinical history. Descriptive and basic inferential statistics were performed. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Based on the DMER definition utilized, incidence was 26.9 % (n=21), and symptom severity was mostly very mild to moderate. Those with DMER had similar baseline characteristics to those without, apart from a significantly higher rate of having delivered via cesarean section (71.4.0 vs. 33.3 %, p<0.01). Among the 55 patients who completed the initial survey, 61.8 % were unfamiliar with the condition.

Conclusions: DMER is described as brief, abrupt, negative emotions experienced by breastfeeding individuals prior to milk letdown. We found that more than 1 in 4 participants screened positive. Future research could better define, quantify, qualify, and publicize this condition to inform clinical practices and facilitate successful breastfeeding relationships.