Evaluation of Isopropyl Alcohol Aromatherapy in Treating Nausea in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Patients

Abstract

Objective

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) aromatherapy provides rapid relief of nausea at minimal cost, is universally available, and has no known significant adverse effects. These attributes make it ideal for the prehospital setting. However, there is no published research on the use of IPA in critical care transport (CCT). The objective of this study was to investigate if CCT patients experience improvement of nausea with IPA aromatherapy.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed over a 2-year period on adult patients served by a Midwest CCT system that provides both air and ground transport. Data were obtained 1 year before and 1 year after a protocol change in which the first-line antiemetic was changed from intravenous ondansetron (prechange) to inhaled IPA (postchange). The IPA was administered by placing a pad under the patient's nares as they inhaled. The proportion of nausea improvement was compared between the prechange and postchange periods.

Results

Two hundred seventeen records were included. In helicopter emergency medical services, 33 of 50 (66.0%) patients reported improvement with ondansetron, and 13 of 21 (61.9%) reported improvement with IPA (P = .742). Patients transported by ground emergency medical services showed improvement in 65 of 73 (89.0%) cases for ondansetron and 40 of 73 (54.8%) for IPA (P < .001).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the proportion of nausea improvement between ondansetron and IPA in helicopter emergency medical services patients. In ground emergency medical services patients, more patients had nausea improvement with ondansetron compared with IPA. This study suggests IPA may be a faster, more efficacious alternative for nausea relief in CCT patients.