Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase 1 for the Potential Treatment of Inflammation, Pain, and Fever

Abstract

Microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase 1 (mPGES-1) is a promising target for treating inflammatory diseases and pain. This study introduces a novel series of benzimidazoles, with the most potent analogs exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 0.27–7.0 nM in a cell-free assay for prostaglandin (PG)E₂ production. Compound 44 (AGU654) demonstrated remarkable selectivity for mPGES-1 (IC₅₀ = 2.9 nM) over COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, and FLAP, along with excellent bioavailability. Metabololipidomics analysis with activated human monocyte-derived macrophages and human whole blood revealed that AGU654 selectively suppresses PGE₂ production triggered by bacterial exotoxins while sparing other prostaglandins. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that AGU654 significantly alleviated fever, inflammation, and inflammatory pain in preclinical guinea pig models, suggesting that it could be an effective strategy for managing inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, these benzimidazole derivatives warrant further exploration into new and alternative analogs, potentially uncovering novel compounds with a favorable pharmacological profile possessing significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.