A review on sustainable management strategies for navigating the piling e-waste crisis and associated environmental threats

IF 4.8 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2024.154019
Rashida Hameed , Divyabharathi R , Krishna Kumar Yadav , Prasenjit Debbarma , Shiv Vendra Singh , Amir Ibrahim Ali Arabi , Adeel Abbas , Shubham Anil Durgude , Mir Waqas Alam , Chongqing Wang
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Abstract

In today's fast-paced technological era, multifaceted technological advancements in our contemporary lifestyle are surging the use of electronic devices, which are significantly piling e-waste and posing environmental concerns. This stock of e-waste is expected to keep rising up to 50 mt year−1. Formal recycling of such humongous waste is a major challenge, especially in developing nations. Mishandling of e-waste poses serious threats to human health, soil, and water ecosystem, threatening ecological and environmental sustainability. Complex matrix of resourceful materials comprising valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper, and hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants make its judicious management even more crucial. Potential toxic elements such as Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg, as well as plastic/microplastics, nanoparticles are prevalent in components like batteries, cathode ray tubes, circuit boards, glass and plastic components which are known to cause neurological, renal, and developmental damage in humans. Effective and sustainable management of these requires a comprehensive understanding of their sources, environmental behavior, and toxicological impacts. This review explores potential approached for sustainable e-waste recycling (recycling of glass, plastic, rare earth metals, and base metals), and resource recycling through pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, biohydrometallurgy, bioleaching and biodegradation plastic alongside challenges and prospects.
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应对堆积电子废物危机和相关环境威胁的可持续管理策略综述。
在当今快节奏的科技时代,现代生活方式中多方面的科技进步使电子设备的使用激增,这大大堆积了电子废物,并引起了环境问题。预计电子垃圾的存量将持续增长,到明年将达到5000万吨。对如此巨大的废物进行正式回收是一项重大挑战,尤其是在发展中国家。电子垃圾处理不当对人类健康、土壤和水生态系统构成严重威胁,威胁生态和环境的可持续性。由金、银、铜等贵重金属和铅、汞、镉、溴化阻燃剂等有害物质组成的复杂材料基质使其明智的管理变得更加重要。潜在的有毒元素,如铅、镉、铬、砷和汞,以及塑料/微塑料、纳米粒子普遍存在于电池、阴极射线管、电路板、玻璃和塑料部件等部件中,这些部件已知会对人类的神经、肾脏和发育造成损害。有效和可持续的管理这些需要全面了解其来源,环境行为和毒理学影响。本文探讨了可持续电子废物回收(玻璃、塑料、稀土金属和贱金属的回收)的潜在途径,以及通过火法冶金、湿法冶金、生物冶金、生物湿法冶金、生物浸出和生物降解塑料的资源回收,以及面临的挑战和前景。
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来源期刊
Toxicology
Toxicology 医学-毒理学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
4.40%
发文量
222
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: Toxicology is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes only the highest quality original scientific research and critical reviews describing hypothesis-based investigations into mechanisms of toxicity associated with exposures to xenobiotic chemicals, particularly as it relates to human health. In this respect "mechanisms" is defined on both the macro (e.g. physiological, biological, kinetic, species, sex, etc.) and molecular (genomic, transcriptomic, metabolic, etc.) scale. Emphasis is placed on findings that identify novel hazards and that can be extrapolated to exposures and mechanisms that are relevant to estimating human risk. Toxicology also publishes brief communications, personal commentaries and opinion articles, as well as concise expert reviews on contemporary topics. All research and review articles published in Toxicology are subject to rigorous peer review. Authors are asked to contact the Editor-in-Chief prior to submitting review articles or commentaries for consideration for publication in Toxicology.
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