[Arrhythmia].

Abstract

The basic principles of atrial fibrillation(AF)treatment are stroke prevention with appropriate anticoagulation, rhythm and rate control with drugs, and non-pharmacological therapy. The current guidelines have been presented. Non-pharmacological treatment(catheter ablation)for AF, originally developed to eliminate motivational symptoms, has been shown to improve life outcomes, and indications for ablation are expanding rapidly. Catheter ablation has evolved remarkably from conventional radiofrequency to balloon ablation. Minimal complications are expected to occur with pulsed-field ablation. Ablation strategies for paroxysmal AF are almost established and approaches for persistent AF are becoming increasingly important. Surgical approaches have also evolved significantly, with robotic surgery, the thoracoscopic Wolf-Ohtsuka procedure, and minimally invasive cardiac surgery, becoming less invasive. Future studies should prioritize a system for better function and treatment options for the heart team.