Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, and Antitrypanosomal, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Clausena anisata Fruit, Azadirachta indica Leaf, and Stem Bark Extracts.

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY Journal of Parasitology Research Pub Date : 2024-11-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/japr/7509588
Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia, Felix Kwame Zoiku, Prince Kyei Baffour, Anne Boakyewaa Anokye-Kumatia, Alex Asase
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Abstract

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease which kills humans and animals as a result of hematological distortions, oxidative stress, tissue and neuroinflammations. This study reports on the differences in cytotoxicity, antitrypanosomal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts from Clausena anisata fruit (CFE), Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf (NLE), and stem bark (NSBE), medicinal plants used to treat HAT in its endemic communities. The extracts remarkably inhibited Trypanosoma brucei brucei (GUTat 3.1) parasite in vitro with CFE recording the highest effect with an IC50 of 0.0055 (0.0955) μg/mL. The IC50 of the standard Coptis japonicum was 0.5957 (0.0693) μg/mL. Also, the antitrypanosomal activity of NLE was 123.34% higher than that of NSBE. The percentage number of wells containing viable T. b. brucei parasites was very significantly (p < 0.001) reduced for all the extracts after 48 h of incubation. Furthermore, the extracts did not show cytotoxicity against the liver (HepG2) cells (CC50s > 100 μg/mL and SI = 13.12-32,025.45). NSBE contained the highest quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and also produced the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 4.99 ± 0.018) and protein denaturation assay (IC50 = 0.1805 ± 0.0002 μg/mL). In addition, phytochemical analysis showed that NLE contained the highest number of classes of phytochemical constituents (seven) among the extracts. These results indicate that CFE, NLE, and NSBE possessed significant antitrypanosomal activity as a result of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. However, a different mechanism was also involved in the antitrypanosomal activity of CFE and NLE, since their antitrypanosomal activity is greater than NSBE which demonstrated the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to the remarkable antitrypanosomal action of CFE, its constituents are being isolated for possible development into novel antitrypanosomal agents.

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苦楝果、印楝叶和茎皮提取物的植物化学分析、细胞毒性、抗锥虫、抗氧化和抗炎活性。
非洲人类锥虫病(HAT)是一种传染病,由于血液学扭曲、氧化应激、组织和神经炎症导致人类和动物死亡。本研究报道了用于治疗HAT的药用植物Clausena anisata果实(CFE)、印楝叶(NLE)和茎皮(NSBE)乙醇提取物在其特有群落中细胞毒性、抗锥虫、抗氧化和抗炎活性的差异。提取物对布鲁氏锥虫(GUTat 3.1)有显著的体外抑制作用,其中CFE的抑制作用最强,IC50为0.0055 (0.0955)μg/mL。标准黄连的IC50为0.5957 (0.0693)μg/mL。NLE的抗锥虫活性比NSBE高123.34%。孵育48 h后,各提取液含布氏布氏杆菌活菌孔数极显著(p < 0.001)降低。此外,提取物对肝脏(HepG2)细胞(cc50 bb0 100 μg/mL, SI = 13.12-32,025.45)无细胞毒性。在DPPH自由基清除试验(IC50 = 4.99±0.018)和蛋白质变性试验(IC50 = 0.1805±0.0002 μg/mL)中,NSBE的酚类化合物和黄酮类化合物含量最高,抗氧化和抗炎活性最高。此外,植物化学分析表明,NLE在提取物中含有最多的植物化学成分(7种)。这些结果表明,CFE、NLE和NSBE由于其抗氧化和抗炎作用而具有显著的抗锥虫活性。然而,CFE和NLE的抗锥虫活性也涉及不同的机制,因为它们的抗锥虫活性大于NSBE,显示出最高的抗氧化和抗炎活性。由于CFE具有显著的抗锥虫作用,其成分正在被分离出来,可能开发成新的抗锥虫药物。
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来源期刊
Journal of Parasitology Research
Journal of Parasitology Research Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
9.10%
发文量
49
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Parasitology Research is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of basic and applied parasitology. Articles covering host-parasite relationships and parasitic diseases will be considered, as well as studies on disease vectors. Articles highlighting social and economic issues around the impact of parasites are also encouraged. As an international, Open Access publication, Journal of Parasitology Research aims to foster learning and collaboration between countries and communities.
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