Temporal trends in online searches related to COVID-19 vaccine safety: A digital infodemiology study.

IF 2.8 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Health Promotion Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.34172/hpp.43117

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Theodoros Daglis, Vijay Kumar Chattu

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Abstract

Background: The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines may have raised public concerns about their safety and side effects in the United States (US). This study aimed to assess trends in online searches related to the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in the US from 2021-2022.

Methods: Google COVID-19 Vaccination Search Insights was used to analyze searches about COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects in the US from January 4, 2021, to November 21, 2022 (98 weeks). Data were scaled from 0 (low interest) to 100 (high interest) as a fixed scaling factor called scaled normalized interest (SNI) to indicate relative search interest over time and by location. A joinpoint regression analysis was used to determine the search trends during the study period.

Results: Analysis included 709 counties across 38 US states. Searches of COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects peaked in April 2021 in the District of Columbia (SNI: 35.8), Massachusetts (29.7), New Hampshire (27.4), Connecticut (27.3), and Maine (26.7), then decreased significantly by an average monthly percentage change (AMPC) of -16.6% (95% CI -19.9 to -13.3) until July 2022. Overall AMPC from January 2021 to November 2022 was -8.9% (95% CI -16.2 to -0.9; P<0.001).

Conclusion: Online searches related to COVID-19 vaccine safety and side effects decreased dramatically over time, supporting the utility of digital surveillance to track real-time vaccine safety concerns. This study provides insights into public interest in COVID-19 vaccine risks and can help monitor potential safety issues.

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与COVID-19疫苗安全性相关的在线搜索的时间趋势：一项数字信息流行病学研究

背景：在美国，COVID-19疫苗的快速发展可能引起了公众对其安全性和副作用的担忧。本研究旨在评估2021-2022年美国与COVID-19疫苗安全性和副作用相关的在线搜索趋势。方法：利用谷歌COVID-19疫苗搜索洞察分析2021年1月4日至2022年11月21日（98周）在美国对COVID-19疫苗安全性和副作用的搜索。数据从0（低兴趣）缩放到100（高兴趣），作为一个称为缩放归一化兴趣（SNI）的固定缩放因子，以指示随时间和位置的相对搜索兴趣。使用联结点回归分析来确定研究期间的搜索趋势。结果：分析包括美国38个州的709个县。2021年4月，哥伦比亚特区（SNI: 35.8）、马萨诸塞州（29.7）、新罕布什尔州（27.4）、康涅狄格州（27.3）和缅因州（26.7）对COVID-19疫苗安全性和副作用的搜索量达到峰值，然后到2022年7月，平均每月百分比变化（AMPC）显著下降，为-16.6% （95% CI -19.9至-13.3）。从2021年1月到2022年11月，总体AMPC为-8.9% (95% CI为-16.2至-0.9；结论：随着时间的推移，与COVID-19疫苗安全性和副作用相关的在线搜索量急剧下降，这支持了数字监测在实时跟踪疫苗安全问题方面的应用。这项研究提供了公众对COVID-19疫苗风险的兴趣，并有助于监测潜在的安全问题。

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