Type 2 diabetes, heart failure and the treatment of their comorbidity.

Abstract

Both heart failure and type 2 diabetes are prevalent conditions and share similar pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment medications. This review aims to inform clinical practice by summarizing the interaction between heart failure and type 2 diabetes, as well as the medications used to manage them. Novel medications such as Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-likepeptide-1 receptor agonists, and finerenone have been shown to protect patients with type 2 diabetes from hospitalization for heart failure. SGLT2 inhibitors have also proven effective in patients with heart failure, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes. When choosing diabetes treatment medications for patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes, shared decision-making can be helpful in weighing the benefits and harms based on individual scenarios. The selection of guideline-directed medical therapy aligns with patients without type 2 diabetes. Given the rapid evolution of knowledge in this field, clinicians need to stay updated with the latest evidence to provide optimal medical care.