Quitline-Based Young Adult Vaping Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining NRT and mHealth

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL American Journal of Preventive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.10.019

Katrina A. Vickerman PhD , Kelly M. Carpenter PhD , Kristina Mullis PhD , Abigail B. Shoben PhD , Julianna Nemeth PhD , Elizabeth Mayers MS , Elizabeth G. Klein PhD, MPH

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Abstract

Introduction

Broad-reaching, effective e-cigarette cessation interventions are needed.

Study Design

This remote, randomized clinical trial tested a mHealth program and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for young adult vaping cessation.

Setting/Participants

Social media was used from 2021 to 2022 to recruit 508 young adults (aged 18–24 years) in the U.S. who exclusively and regularly (20+ days of last 30) used e-cigarettes and were interested in quitting.

Intervention

All were offered 2 coaching calls and needed to complete the first call for full study enrollment. Participants were randomized to one of 4 groups in the 2×2 design: mailed NRT (8 weeks versus none) and/or mHealth (yes versus no; stand-alone text program including links to videos and online content).

Main Outcome Measures

Self-reported 7-day point prevalence vaping abstinence at 3 months.

Results

A total of 981 participants were eligible and randomized; 508 (52%) fully enrolled by completing the first call. Enrolled participants were 71% female, 31% non-White, and 78% vaped daily. Overall, 74% completed the 3-month survey. Overall, 83% in the mailed NRT groups and 24% in the no-mailed NRT groups self-reported NRT use. Intent-to-treat 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates (missing assumed vaping) were 41% for calls only, 43% for Calls+mHealth, 48% for Calls+NRT, and 48% for Calls+NRT+mHealth. There were no statistically significant differences for mailed NRT (versus no-mailed NRT; OR=1.3; 95% CI=0.91, 1.84; p=0.14) or mHealth (versus no mHealth; OR=1.04; 95% CI=0.73, 1.47; p=0.84).

Conclusions

This quitline-delivered intervention was successful at helping young adults quit vaping, with almost half abstinent after 3 months. Higher than anticipated quit rates reduced power to identify significant group differences. Mailed NRT and mHealth did not significantly improve quit rates, in the context of an active control of a 2-call coaching program. Future research is needed to examine the independent effects of coaching calls, NRT, and mHealth in a fully-powered randomized control trial.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov NCT04974580.

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基于戒烟线的年轻人戒烟：一项检查NRT和移动健康的随机临床试验。

需要广泛有效的电子烟戒烟干预措施。研究设计：这项远程随机临床试验测试了移动健康计划和尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）对年轻人戒烟的作用。背景/参与者：从2021年到2022年，使用社交媒体在美国招募508名年轻人（18-24岁），他们专门并定期（过去30天中的20多天）使用电子烟，并有兴趣戒烟。干预：所有人都被提供了2个辅导电话，并需要完成第一个电话以进行完整的研究登记。在2×2设计中，参与者被随机分为四组：邮寄NRT（8周vs无）和/或移动健康(是vs否；独立的文本程序，包括链接到视频和在线内容)。主要结果测量：自我报告的7天点流行电子烟戒烟3个月。结果：共有981名参与者符合条件并随机分配；508人（52%）通过完成第一次电话登记。登记的参与者中71%为女性，31%为非白人，78%为每天吸电子烟。总体而言，74%的人完成了为期3个月的调查。总的来说，83%的邮寄NRT组和24%的未邮寄NRT组自我报告使用了NRT。意向治疗的7天点患病率戒断率（假设没有抽电子烟），仅通话组为41%，通话+移动健康组为43%，通话+NRT组为48%，通话+NRT+移动健康组为48%。邮寄的NRT与未邮寄的NRT没有统计学上的显著差异；或= 1.3;95% ci =0.91, 1.84；p=0.14)或移动健康(相对于没有移动健康；或= 1.04;95% ci =0.73, 1.47；p = 0.84)。结论：这种戒烟热线提供的干预措施成功地帮助年轻人戒掉了电子烟，3个月后几乎有一半的人戒掉了电子烟。高于预期的戒烟率降低了识别显著组间差异的能力。邮寄NRT和移动健康并没有显著提高戒烟率，在积极控制2电话教练计划的背景下。未来的研究需要在一项全功率随机对照试验中检验教练电话、NRT和移动健康的独立影响。试验注册：clinicaltrials.gov NCT04974580。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Preventive Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

1.80%

发文量

395

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is the official journal of the American College of Preventive Medicine and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. It publishes articles in the areas of prevention research, teaching, practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health. Of particular emphasis are papers that address the primary and secondary prevention of important clinical, behavioral and public health issues such as injury and violence, infectious disease, women''s health, smoking, sedentary behaviors and physical activity, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and substance use disorders. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. Papers on health services research pertinent to prevention and public health are also published. The journal also publishes official policy statements from the two co-sponsoring organizations, review articles, media reviews, and editorials. Finally, the journal periodically publishes supplements and special theme issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.